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CCS/EVMK2G: gmake error when using drivers

Part Number: EVMK2G

Tool/software: Code Composer Studio

Hello Everyone!

I'm in the process of learning how to work with TI-RTOS on the K2G Evaluation board.

I created a new project in CCS 7, using SYS/BIOS 'typical' template (on the C66 core).

At first, I added a new task and tried to output from it some words to the console - that worked fine.

After that, I tried to add some GPIO capabilities by including the 'ti/drv/gpio/GPIO.h' file. But here is the thing - when I try to use one of the functions included in that file I get errors by the compiler.

Same happened to me when I tried to include "ti/board/board.h" file and use 'Board_getIDInfo(...)' function.

The errors are:

#10010 errors encountered during linking; "RTOS_Test_3_C66.out" not built
#10234-D unresolved symbols remain
gmake: *** [all] Error 2
gmake[1]: *** [RTOS_Test_3_C66.out] Error 1

It seems like a linker error but I'm not sure. I checked the project's properties and looked over the including paths and everything is in place.

I must note that i'm new to RTOS' concepts and also to TI's driver APIs.

I would like to get some help solving that issue.

Thanks,

Dor

  • Hi Dor,

    Have you ever watched TI-RTOS videos? You can find related link bellow.

    training.ti.com/ti-rtos-workshop-series-1-10-welcome

    Regards,
    Hossein
  • I did. Not all of them but some. They focus on understanding RTOS in general and doesn't show any examples how to use drivers.

    Anyway, I think the problem I presented here is nothing to do with this guide because is also happend when I use standalone project.

    Thanks.
  • Yes, I agree with you.

    So please copy the entire output from the CCS build console and past it here so I 'll be able to take a look.

    Regards,
    Hossein
  • C code:

    /* * ======== main.c ======== */ #include <xdc/std.h> #include <xdc/runtime/Error.h> #include <xdc/runtime/System.h> #include <ti/sysbios/BIOS.h> #include <ti/sysbios/knl/Task.h> #include <ti/drv/gpio/GPIO.h> #include <ti/drv/gpio/soc/GPIO_soc.h> #include <ti/board/board.h> /* * ======== taskFxn ======== */ Void taskFxn(UArg a0, UArg a1) { Board_IDInfo Info; Board_STATUS Status; System_printf("enter taskFxn()\n"); //Task_sleep(10); Status = Board_getIDInfo(&Info); System_printf("%s\n", Info.boardName); System_printf("exit taskFxn()\n"); System_flush(); /* force SysMin output to console */ } /* * ======== main ======== */ Int main() { Task_Handle task; Error_Block eb; // INITs Board_init(BOARD_INIT_ALL); System_printf("enter main()\n"); Error_init(&eb); task = Task_create(taskFxn, NULL, &eb); if (task == NULL) { System_printf("Task_create() failed!\n"); BIOS_exit(0); } BIOS_start(); /* does not return */ return(0); }

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Console output:

    **** Build of configuration Debug for project RTOS_Test_3_C66 ****

    "C:\\TI\\ccsv7\\utils\\bin\\gmake" -k -j 8 all -O
    gmake[1]: Entering directory 'C:/Users/DorS/OneDrive/TI/RTOS_Test_3_C66/Debug'
    'Building file: ../app.cfg'
    'Invoking: XDCtools'
    "C:/TI/xdctools_3_50_03_33_core/xs" --xdcpath="C:/TI/bios_6_52_00_12/packages;C:/TI/pdk_k2g_1_0_8/packages;C:/TI/ccsv7/ccs_base;" xdc.tools.configuro -o configPkg -t ti.targets.elf.C66 -p ti.platforms.evmC66AK2E -r release -c "C:/TI/ti-cgt-c6000_8.2.2" --compileOptions "-g --optimize_with_debug" "../app.cfg"
    making package.mak (because of package.bld) ...
    generating interfaces for package configPkg (because package/package.xdc.inc is older than package.xdc) ...
    configuring app.xe66 from package/cfg/app_pe66.cfg ...
    generating custom ti.sysbios library makefile ...
    Starting build of library sources ...
    making C:/Users/DorS/OneDrive/TI/RTOS_Test_3_C66/src/sysbios/sysbios.ae66 ...
    gmake[1]: Entering directory `C:/Users/DorS/OneDrive/TI/RTOS_Test_3_C66/src/sysbios'
    cle66 C:/TI/bios_6_52_00_12/packages/ti/sysbios/BIOS.c ...
    remark #24038-D: --optimize_with_debug is deprecated and will be removed in a
       subsequent release. The behavior is enabled by default.
    asme66 C:/TI/bios_6_52_00_12/packages/ti/sysbios/family/c64p/Exception_asm.s64P ...
    remark #24038-D: --optimize_with_debug is deprecated and will be removed in a
       subsequent release. The behavior is enabled by default.
    asme66 C:/TI/bios_6_52_00_12/packages/ti/sysbios/family/c64p/Hwi_asm.s62 ...
    remark #24038-D: --optimize_with_debug is deprecated and will be removed in a
       subsequent release. The behavior is enabled by default.
    asme66 C:/TI/bios_6_52_00_12/packages/ti/sysbios/family/c64p/Hwi_asm_switch.s62 ...
    remark #24038-D: --optimize_with_debug is deprecated and will be removed in a
       subsequent release. The behavior is enabled by default.
    asme66 C:/TI/bios_6_52_00_12/packages/ti/sysbios/family/c64p/Hwi_disp_always.s64P ...
    remark #24038-D: --optimize_with_debug is deprecated and will be removed in a
       subsequent release. The behavior is enabled by default.
    asme66 C:/TI/bios_6_52_00_12/packages/ti/sysbios/rts/ti/tls_get_tp.asm ...
    remark #24038-D: --optimize_with_debug is deprecated and will be removed in a
       subsequent release. The behavior is enabled by default.
    asme66 C:/TI/bios_6_52_00_12/packages/ti/sysbios/family/c62/TaskSupport_asm.s62 ...
    remark #24038-D: --optimize_with_debug is deprecated and will be removed in a
       subsequent release. The behavior is enabled by default.
    asme66 C:/TI/bios_6_52_00_12/packages/ti/sysbios/timers/timer64/Timer_asm.s64P ...
    remark #24038-D: --optimize_with_debug is deprecated and will be removed in a
       subsequent release. The behavior is enabled by default.
    are66 BIOS.obj c64p_Exception_asm.obj c64p_Hwi_asm.obj c64p_Hwi_asm_switch.obj c64p_Hwi_disp_always.obj ti_tls_get_tp.obj c62_TaskSupport_asm.obj timer64_Timer_asm.obj ...
    gmake[1]: Leaving directory `C:/Users/DorS/OneDrive/TI/RTOS_Test_3_C66/src/sysbios'
    Build of libraries done.
    cle66 package/cfg/app_pe66.c ...
    'Finished building: ../app.cfg'
    ' '
    gmake[1]: Leaving directory 'C:/Users/DorS/OneDrive/TI/RTOS_Test_3_C66/Debug'
            1 file(s) copied.
    making ../src/sysbios/sysbios.ae66 ...
    gmake[1]: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
    'Building file: ../main.c'
    'Invoking: C6000 Compiler'
    "C:/TI/ti-cgt-c6000_8.2.2/bin/cl6x" -mv6600 --include_path="C:/Users/DorS/OneDrive/TI/RTOS_Test_3_C66" --include_path="C:/TI/ti-cgt-c6000_8.2.2/include" --define=k2g02 --define=dsp0 -g --c99 --diag_warning=225 --diag_wrap=off --display_error_number --preproc_with_compile --preproc_dependency="main.d_raw" --cmd_file="configPkg/compiler.opt" "../main.c"
    "../main.c", line 25: warning #552-D: variable "Status" was set but never used
    'Finished building: ../main.c'
    ' '
    making ../src/sysbios/sysbios.ae66 ...
    gmake[2]: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
    'Building target: RTOS_Test_3_C66.out'
    'Invoking: C6000 Linker'
    "C:/TI/ti-cgt-c6000_8.2.2/bin/cl6x" -mv6600 --define=k2g02 --define=dsp0 -g --c99 --diag_warning=225 --diag_wrap=off --display_error_number -z -m"RTOS_Test_3_C66.map" --heap_size=0x800 --stack_size=0x800 -i"C:/TI/ti-cgt-c6000_8.2.2/lib" -i"C:/TI/ti-cgt-c6000_8.2.2/include" --reread_libs --define=DSP_CORE=1 --diag_wrap=off --display_error_number --warn_sections --xml_link_info="RTOS_Test_3_C66_linkInfo.xml" --rom_model -o "RTOS_Test_3_C66.out" "./main.obj" -l"configPkg/linker.cmd" -llibc.a
    <Linking>

     undefined       first referenced
      symbol             in file    
     ---------       ----------------
     Board_getIDInfo ./main.obj     
     Board_init      ./main.obj     

    error #10234-D: unresolved symbols remain
    error #10010: errors encountered during linking; "RTOS_Test_3_C66.out" not built

    >> Compilation failure
    makefile:140: recipe for target 'RTOS_Test_3_C66.out' failed
    gmake[1]: *** [RTOS_Test_3_C66.out] Error 1
    makefile:136: recipe for target 'all' failed
    gmake: *** [all] Error 2

    **** Build Finished ****

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  • Hello,

    Dor ST said:

     undefined       first referenced
      symbol             in file    
     ---------       ----------------
     Board_getIDInfo ./main.obj     
     Board_init      ./main.obj     

    error #10234-D: unresolved symbols remain

    This is a common error that is documented in the below link:

    http://software-dl.ti.com/ccs/esd/documents/sdto_ccs_build-errors.html#error-unresolved-symbols-remain

    In short, you need to add the object file(s) which contain Board_getIDInfo and Board_init needed in your code. 

    Thanks

    ki

  • Hey.

    Board_getIDInfo(...) and Board_init(...) are included in TI's PDK (I'm using version 1.08) - declared in header files (which was included in main.c) and implemented in .c files which are also placed at the PDK's sub-folders.

    I tried to add to the linker the following:

    path:  pdk_k2g_1_0_8\packages\ti\board\lib\evmK2G\c66\release

    file:  ti.board.ae66

    but then I get more and more unresolved symbols (like I2C funcitons and more). I also added more paths and more files to linker and the error list is getting bigger and bigger....

    Am I missing something? Where are the objects files you taking about are placed?

    Thanks,

    Dor.

  • I am not familiar with the specifics of the PDK, hence I can't comment on that. The experts in the keystone forums can likely help you best. I will move this post there.

    Thanks
    ki
  • Hi Dor,

    We have example projects for our PDK drivers, including for GPIO, that come with the SDK that you may use as reference.

    To build the CCS projects, you first need to run the pdksetupenv script in cmd prompt followed by the pdkProjectCreate script. More details can be found at the wiki linked below.

    processors.wiki.ti.com/.../Rebuilding_The_PDK

    Please let us know if you have any questions.
  • Hey!

    First, your link to 'Rebuilding_The_PDK' was very helpful! But to another issue.

    Finally I understand how to generate the whole example project and not just the .c files, and watch the project's preferences (see the include paths etc.). I also succeed to run some examples on the K2G Board. 

    Beside that, when I create a new project there are a lot of things missing in the preferences (compiler include paths, linker libraries and more...). I think that what causing the errors I mention above. So the problem is still on.

    I need you to guide me which procedures should be taken when creating new RTOS project and wishing to use TI's PDK APIs.

    Thanks,

    Dor

  • I recommend taking one of our example projects for whichever module you would like to add and look at its project properties to compare. Generally, you will want to match the following settings with your project settings:

    General-> Products -> Products and Repositories
    Build-> Compiler-> Include Options
    Build-> Compiler-> Predefined Symbols
    Build-> Linker-> File Search Path
    Build-> XDCtools-> Package Repositories

    Let us know if you run into any issues.
  • Hey.

    I did all of that. All the settings the same. I also copied the 'xdc.useModule(...)' to project's .cfg file.

    Still getting errors. I'm attaching you a link to download the project I created (zip file) - Link.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The console output:


    **** Build of configuration Debug for project RTOS_Test_6_ARM ****

    "C:\\TI\\ccsv7\\utils\\bin\\gmake" -k -j 8 all -O
    gmake[1]: Entering directory 'C:/Users/DorS/OneDrive/TI/RTOS_Test_6_ARM/Debug'
    'Building file: ../app.cfg'
    'Invoking: XDCtools'
    "C:/TI/xdctools_3_50_03_33_core/xs" --xdcpath="C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages;C:/TI/pdk_k2g_1_0_8/packages;C:/TI/xdais_7_24_00_04/packages;C:/TI/xdais_7_24_00_04/examples;C:/TI/uia_2_21_02_07/packages;C:/TI/ndk_2_26_00_08/packages;C:/TI/ipc_3_47_00_00/packages;C:/TI/ctoolslib_2_2_0_0/packages;C:/TI/edma3_lld_2_12_05_30B/packages;C:/TI/framework_components_3_40_02_07/packages;C:/TI/framework_components_3_40_02_07/examples;C:/TI/ccsv7/ccs_base;" xdc.tools.configuro -o configPkg -t gnu.targets.arm.A15F -p ti.platforms.evmTCI66AK2G02 -r release -c "C:/TI/gcc-arm-none-eabi-6-2017-q1-update" "../app.cfg"
    making package.mak (because of package.bld) ...
    generating interfaces for package configPkg (because package/package.xdc.inc is older than package.xdc) ...
    configuring app.xa15fg from package/cfg/app_pa15fg.cfg ...
    generating custom ti.sysbios library makefile ...
     Linking with library ti.drv.uart:./lib/k2g/a15/release/ti.drv.uart.aa15fg
     Linking with library ti.drv.gpio:./lib/k2g/a15/release/ti.drv.gpio.profiling.aa15fg
     Linking with library ti.utils.profiling:./lib/a15/release/ti.utils.profiling.aa15fg
     Linking with library ti.board:./lib/evmK2G/a15/release/ti.board.aa15fg
     Linking with library ti.drv.i2c:./lib/k2g/a15/release/ti.drv.i2c.aa15fg
     Linking with library ti.csl:./lib/k2g/a15/release/ti.csl.aa15fg
     Linking with library ti.osal:./lib/tirtos/k2g/a15/release/ti.osal.aa15fg
    Starting build of library sources ...
    making C:/Users/DorS/OneDrive/TI/RTOS_Test_6_ARM/src/sysbios/sysbios.aa15fg ...
    gmake[1]: Entering directory `C:/Users/DorS/OneDrive/TI/RTOS_Test_6_ARM/src/sysbios'
    asma15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/IntrinsicsSupport_asm_gnu.asm ...
    asma15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/TaskSupport_asm_gnu.asm ...
    asma15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/gic/Hwi_asm_gnu.asm ...
    asma15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/exc/Exception_asm_gnu.asm ...
    asma15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/a15/Cache_asm_gnu.asm ...
    asma15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/a15/Mmu_asm_gnu.asm ...
    asma15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/a15/TimestampProvider_asm_gnu.asm ...
    asma15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/systimer/Timer_asm_gnu.asm ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/BIOS.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/IntrinsicsSupport.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/TaskSupport.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/knl/Clock.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/knl/Idle.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/knl/Intrinsics.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/knl/Queue.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/knl/Semaphore.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/knl/Swi.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/knl/Task.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/hal/Cache.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/hal/Core.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/hal/Hwi.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/hal/Hwi_stack.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/hal/Hwi_startup.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/heaps/HeapMem.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/a15/tci66xx/CpIntc.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/gates/GateHwi.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/gates/GateMutex.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/gic/Hwi.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/exc/Exception.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/rts/gnu/ReentSupport.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/a15/Core.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/a15/Cache.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/a15/Mmu.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/a15/TimestampProvider.c ...
    cla15fg C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/ti/sysbios/family/arm/systimer/Timer.c ...
    ara15fg arm_IntrinsicsSupport_asm_gnu.o arm_TaskSupport_asm_gnu.o gic_Hwi_asm_gnu.o exc_Exception_asm_gnu.o a15_Cache_asm_gnu.o a15_Mmu_asm_gnu.o a15_TimestampProvider_asm_gnu.o systimer_Timer_asm_gnu.o _BIOS.o arm_IntrinsicsSupport.o arm_TaskSupport.o knl_Clock.o knl_Idle.o knl_Intrinsics.o knl_Queue.o knl_Semaphore.o knl_Swi.o knl_Task.o hal_Cache.o hal_Core.o hal_Hwi.o hal_Hwi_stack.o hal_Hwi_startup.o heaps_HeapMem.o tci66xx_CpIntc.o gates_GateHwi.o gates_GateMutex.o gic_Hwi.o exc_Exception.o gnu_ReentSupport.o a15_Core.o a15_Cache.o a15_Mmu.o a15_TimestampProvider.o systimer_Timer.o ...
    gmake[1]: Leaving directory `C:/Users/DorS/OneDrive/TI/RTOS_Test_6_ARM/src/sysbios'
    Build of libraries done.
    cla15fg package/cfg/app_pa15fg.c ...
    'Finished building: ../app.cfg'
    ' '
    gmake[1]: Leaving directory 'C:/Users/DorS/OneDrive/TI/RTOS_Test_6_ARM/Debug'
            1 file(s) copied.
    making ../src/sysbios/sysbios.aa15fg ...
    gmake[1]: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
    'Building file: ../main.c'
    'Invoking: GNU Compiler'
    "C:/TI/gcc-arm-none-eabi-6-2017-q1-update/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe" -c -mcpu=cortex-a15 -mtune=cortex-a15 -marm -mfloat-abi=hard -DevmK2G -Dk2g02 -Darm0 -I"C:/Users/DorS/OneDrive/TI/RTOS_Test_6_ARM" -I"C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/gnu/targets/arm/libs/install-native/arm-none-eabi/include/newlib-nano" -I"C:/TI/gcc-arm-none-eabi-6-2017-q1-update/arm-none-eabi/include" -g -gdwarf-3 -gstrict-dwarf -Wall -MMD -MP -MF"main.d" -MT"main.o" -o"main.o" @"configPkg/compiler.opt" "../main.c"
    ../main.c: In function 'taskFxn':
    ../main.c:23:15: warning: variable 'Status' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
      Board_STATUS Status;
                   ^~~~~~
    ../main.c: In function 'main':
    ../main.c:44:18: warning: unused variable 'Info' [-Wunused-variable]
         Board_IDInfo Info;
                      ^~~~
    'Finished building: ../main.c'
    ' '
    making ../src/sysbios/sysbios.aa15fg ...
    gmake[2]: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
    'Building target: RTOS_Test_6_ARM.out'
    'Invoking: GNU Linker'
    "C:/TI/gcc-arm-none-eabi-6-2017-q1-update/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe" -mtune=cortex-a15 -marm -DevmK2G -Dk2g02 -Darm0 -g -gdwarf-3 -gstrict-dwarf -Wall -mfloat-abi=hard -Wl,-Map,"RTOS_Test_6_ARM.map" -nostartfiles -static -Wl,--gc-sections -L"C:/TI/bios_6_53_02_00/packages/gnu/targets/arm/libs/install-native/arm-none-eabi/lib/hard" -Wl,--defsym,ARM_CORE=1 -Wl,--defsym,STACKSIZE=0x10000 -Wl,--defsym,HEAPSIZE=0x400 --specs=nano.specs -o"RTOS_Test_6_ARM.out" "./main.o" -Wl,-T"configPkg/linker.cmd" -Wl,--start-group -lgcc -lm -lnosys -lc -Wl,--end-group
    makefile:145: recipe for target 'RTOS_Test_6_ARM.out' failed
    C:\TI\pdk_k2g_1_0_8\packages\ti\board\lib\evmK2G\a15\release\ti.board.aa15fg(board_lld_init.oa15fg): In function `Board_uartStdioInit':
    /oe/bld/build-CORTEX_1/arago-tmp-external-linaro-toolchain/work/k2g_evm-linux-gnueabi/board-rtos/01.00.09.00A-r0/build/ti/board/src/evmKeystone/board_lld_init.c:39: undefined reference to `UART_stdioInit'
    collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
    gmake[1]: *** [RTOS_Test_6_ARM.out] Error 1
    gmake: *** [all] Error 2
    makefile:141: recipe for target 'all' failed

    **** Build Finished ****

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Thanks,

    Dor.

  • I can't access that link on TI's network. Can you upload your zipped project here?
  • I was able to get your project to build by adding the flag "-Wl,--start-group" to the linker flags.

    Give this a try and let us know if it works.
  • Ok, it's working but only with functions which declared in "board.h" file.

    First, what does this flag do?

    Second, after I added the "GPIO.h" file and called "GPIO_init()' in main function, same happened, "undefined reference to `GPIO_v0_config'" and more... The same happened for every other driver I tried.

    Why does it happen? :\

    Thanks,

    Dor.

  • This flag resolves backward references so if the linker doesn't find a symbol it'll wrap around and check the previously scanned libraries for the symbol. This allows us to not have to worry about the order of the linked libraries. 

    GPIO_v0_config is defined in GPIO_board.c so you will have to add that to your project (see GPIO_LedBlink example). 

    Make sure you are also #including the proper header files in your main.c.

  • Hey!

    Adding the flag solved the problem for now, but I think you should notify the CCS team about this and they should fix that (set the flag by default or something...). I don't think it's trivial for the beginner user to find out how to fix this.

    Thanks for the help!