bq500110evm module

Regarding the question “How does the communications between the transmitter and the receiver module work?”

See Articles:

Universally Compatible Wireless Power Using the Qi Protocol

http://www.low-powerdesign.com/article_TI-Qi.html

An introduction to the Wireless Power Consortium standards and TI’s compliant solutions

http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slyt399/slyt399.pdf

Regarding the question “Is there some way to modify the programing of the bq500110?’

No, this is not an option for any of the bq500XXX family of devices.