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  • Understanding brushless-DC motor systems, part 1

    Matt Hein
    Matt Hein

    (This article was originally published on Planet Analog.)

    Quick – what are the three motor types? The most common answer that I hear is “brushed-DC motors, stepper motors and brushless-DC motors,” which is basically a knee-jerk reaction to the question. Some of the more intrepid motor-drive experts I know might say “single-phase AC input, multiphase AC input or DC input,” categorizing each motor by its input…

    • Oct 18, 2021
  • How space-grade digital isolation meets high radiation and immunity requirements in LEO satellites

    Sadia Khan
    Sadia Khan
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: ISOS141-SEP

    Today’s space race isn’t just about landing on new worlds; it’s a race to better connect our own, through global broadband connectivity powered by mega constellations known as low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Just like terrestrial applications, LEO satellites require signal and power isolation to enhance system integrity and performance by preventing ground potential…

    • Oct 14, 2021
  • How can I achieve accurate gain error and drift with a switched-gain transimpedance amplifier?

    Luis Chioye
    Luis Chioye
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: OPA3S328

    The transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is one of the most common circuits in the world of precision analog circuits. The dynamic range required of a single TIA can be quite a challenge, often spanning many decades, such as picoamperes to microamperes.

     Selecting a single resistor to accommodate such a wide dynamic range is a lose-lose situation, so circuit designers will often turn to…

    • Oct 14, 2021
  • How 3D Hall-effect sensors deliver precise, real-time position control to autonomous systems

    Kevyn Robins
    Kevyn Robins
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: TMAG5170

    As Industry 4.0 spreads advanced manufacturing processes across global markets, demand for highly automated systems that operate with an integrated manufacturing flow and constantly collect process control data is increasing drastically. Most of these systems – including magnetic encoders in robotic arms, proximity sensors, actuators, pressure transmitters, linear motors and autonomous…

    • Oct 11, 2021
  • Do I need more slew rate or bandwidth in my high-speed, low-side current shunt measurement?

    Marek Lis
    Marek Lis
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: OPA391, OPA392

    In applications measuring high current levels through a resistive shunt, the differential voltage developed across a tiny shunt is typically very small in order to minimize the power dissipation inside the sensing resistor – in the range of just a few millivolts. Contrary to popular belief, the slew rate of the op amp has little bearing on its performance due to the small signal…

    • Sep 21, 2021
  • 3 ways to speed cycle time when designing with brushless-DC motors

    Prajkta Vyavahare (PV)
    Prajkta Vyavahare (PV)
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: MCF8316A, MCT8316A

    Global efforts to reduce power consumption are only increasing, with many countries requiring that home appliances, like those shown in Figure 1, meet efficiency standards set by organizations such as the China Institute of Standards (CNIS), Energy Star in the United States and Blue Angel in Germany. To meet these standards, system designers are increasingly moving away…

    • Sep 7, 2021
  • How temperature sensor size and placement improve system reliability and performance

    William Cooper
    William Cooper
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: TMP390, TMP392, TMP114, TMP144

    Reducing the size of integrated circuits (ICs) is often viewed as little more than a path to more compact printed circuit boards (PCBs) or the ability to add functionality without increasing the form factor of a system. And while systems from wearable electronics to automotive cameras continue pushing the limits of physical form factors, integrating the temperature…

    • Aug 12, 2021
  • Designing with low-power op amps, part 3: Saving power with the shutdown amplifier

    Daniel_Miller
    Daniel_Miller
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: TLV9042, TLV9041

    Note: Carolina Gomez collected the data for this article.

    In my previous articles, I walked through optimizing an operational amplifier (op amp) circuit for power savings and talked about some of the applications that can take advantage of amplifiers with low-voltage-supply capabilities. In this installment of the "Designing with low-power op amps" series, I will show you…

    • Jul 27, 2021
  • Solving 5 challenges of ECG signal acquisition in wearables

    Anand Udupa16
    Anand Udupa16
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: AFE4950

    With smartwatches and fitness bands widely used as personal health monitoring devices, the accurate acquisition of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals on these wearable devices has become a field of great interest. An ECG records activity in the heart through the acquisition of electrical signals. Conventional ECG systems such as patient monitors involve the connection of multiple electrodes…

    • Jul 21, 2021
  • How to transfer high-resolution video data over a single wire in machine vision-based applications

    Vijaya Ceekala
    Vijaya Ceekala
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: TDES960

    A diagram shows how V3 Link devices function in endoscopes, machine vision and robotic-assisted surgery applications.

    Artificial intelligence (AI) is fundamentally changing the capabilities of machine vision and imaging applications. Edge Al, a subset of artificial intelligence that enables localized decision making at the edge, plays a key role among other elements such as 5G network and the Internet of Things (IoT) in the development of New Infrastructure. Through focusing on equipping and enabling…

    • Jul 12, 2021
  • How to improve efficiency and precision with bipolar op amps

    Soufiane Bendaoud
    Soufiane Bendaoud
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: OPA2206, OPA2205While no one can argue about the progress made on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and junction field-effect transistor (JFET) designs for operational amplifiers (op amps), bipolar op amps ...
    • Jun 23, 2021
  • Why long-term consistent performance matters for relative humidity sensors

    Phillip Luu
    Phillip Luu
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: HDC3020

    Relative humidity (RH) sensors are specialized sensors with an open cavity to measure water vapor present in the air. Relative humidity is a critical measurement, as humidity in the air can have a direct effect on system reliability (corrosion) or product longevity since humidity in a storage environment can have a direct impact on perishables.

    One of the challenges with RH sensors…

    • Jun 21, 2021
  • Solving the multidecade current-measurement challenge in your 48-V BMS application

    DHarmon
    DHarmon
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: INA240-Q1, INA229-Q1

    The proliferation of 48-V battery systems in vehicles has created a need for high-precision, multidecade current measurement to maximize the efficiency of the battery management system (BMS). In this article, I will discuss the challenge when measuring up to five decades of current and analyze methods to solve this challenge. I will also discuss how additional diagnostic…

    • Jun 14, 2021
  • Getting started in PSpice for TI, part 2: Using markers for quick and clean simulation results

    TI Staff Writer
    TI Staff Writer

    (This is a guest technical article from Cadence® Design Systems.)

    Part 1 of this series discussed optimizing your simulation profile in PSpice® for TI. After creating a schematic and a simulation profile, you are ready to simulate your circuit design and view the results.

    The results must be accurate, of course. However, the effectiveness of a simulation is only half as good as the flexibility and ease of viewing…

    • Jun 8, 2021
  • How to reduce board size and battery consumption in low-voltage H-bridge applications

    Dalton Ortega20
    Dalton Ortega20
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: DRV8210, DRV8220

    There are many approaches to designing low-voltage systems in motor-driven building automation and grid infrastructure applications such as smart meters, smart locks, Internet Protocol (IP) network cameras and video doorbells, as shown in Figure 1.

     

    Figure 1: Battery-powered systems: a video doorbell, smart utility meter and electronic smart lock

    Common challenges when designing…

    • Jun 1, 2021
  • 4 common questions when isolating signal and power

    Neel Seshan
    Neel Seshan
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: ISOW1432, ISOW1412, ISOW1044

    A high-voltage circuit design requires isolation in order to protect human operators, enable communication to lower-voltage circuitry and eliminate unwanted noise within the system. Digital isolators provide a simple and reliable way to achieve high-voltage isolated communication in industrial and automotive applications.

    Maintaining the integrity of a signal…

    • Jun 1, 2021
  • What is a Hall-effect sensor?

    Manny Soltero
    Manny Soltero
    A Hall-effect sensor, also known as a Hall sensor, monitors magnetic fields with high accuracy, consistency and reliability. Why is that important? Because it enables you to sense the position and movement of objects in a system. In this article, I’ll explain what a Hall-effect sensor is, its basic building blocks and functionality, and common use cases for Hall-effect sensing products.
    • May 17, 2021
  • How to maximize powertrain efficiency and reliability with high-accuracy temperature sensors

    Bryan Padilla
    Bryan Padilla
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: TMP126-Q1, TMP126

    If you design automotive systems, you may feel tremendous pressure to redefine vehicle powertrain systems to meet the reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions goals established by initiatives in the European Union, United States, China and Japan, just to name a few. To meet these targets, some automobile manufacturers are implementing 48-V systems for mild hybrid electric vehicles…

    • May 10, 2021
  • How smart amps are bringing high-fidelity audio into the smart home

    Ben Miller
    Ben Miller
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: TAS2563

    Smart speakers have become ubiquitous in homes, raising the bar for consumer audio quality standards in household items. New audio features are popping up in unlikely places: digital voice assistants in coffeemakers that announce a fresh brew, or digital thermostats that can tell you the weather while playing your favorite jazz album (Figure 1). As consumer reliance on smart home…

    • May 3, 2021
  • The next evolution in automotive op amps

    Tim Claycomb
    Tim Claycomb
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: LM2904-Q1, LM2904, LM2904B-Q1

    (Note: Thomas Foster and Esteban Garcia co-authored this technical article.)

    In 1976, National Semiconductor (now TI) introduced the LM2904, one of the most popular operational amplifiers (op amps) worldwide. It was a time when 8-track tapes played your favorite tunes in the car, a vehicle could get you an average of 14.22 miles to the gallon, and people used…

    • Apr 14, 2021
  • Generating pulse-width modulation signals with smart DACs

    Katlynne Jones
    Katlynne Jones
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: DAC53701, DAC63004, DAC63204, DAC53204

    (Gavin Bakshi co-authored this technical article.)

    The technical article, “What is a smart DAC?” explained what a smart digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is and how it can bring value to many applications. Smart DACs can improve design efficiencies by reducing the burden of software development, and they provide many useful functions that would…

    • Apr 9, 2021
  • What is a smart DAC?

    Gavin Bakshi27
    Gavin Bakshi27
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: DAC53701, DAC63004, DAC63204, DAC53204

    Engineers are always striving to make things more effective, more efficient and less expensive. System designers typically use a precision digital-to-analog converter (DAC) when they need very precise control of an analog output. A design that requires precise control of auxiliary functions typically also needs a combination of discrete analog components…

    • Apr 9, 2021
  • Designing with low-power op amps, part 2: Low-power op amps for low-supply-voltage applications

    Daniel_Miller
    Daniel_Miller
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: TLV9042, TLV9001, OPA391

    In part 1 of this series, I covered issues related to power consumption in single-supply operational amplifier (op-amp) circuits with a sinusoidal output and DC offset. I also discussed two techniques for reducing power consumption in these circuits: increasing resistor sizes and picking an op amp with a lower quiescent current. Both tactics are available in most…

    • Mar 24, 2021
  • Clock tree fundamentals: finding the right clocking devices for your design

    Vibhu  Vanjari
    Vibhu Vanjari
    Other Parts Discussed in Post: LMK61E2, LMK03328, ADS1625, LMK04832, AFE5818Finding the right devices to build your clock tree doesn’t have to be difficult. Understandably, the plethora of options can be overwhelming. Also, selecting a less-tha...
    • Mar 24, 2021
  • Getting started in PSpice for TI, part 1: Optimize your simulation profile in 6 steps

    TI Staff Writer
    TI Staff Writer

    This is a guest technical article from Cadence® Design Systems.

    So, you have designed a circuit and are ready to start your simulation. How do you begin?

    To start, you need to define a simulation profile. Simulation profiles define the various aspects of a simulation or analysis for various simulators, including PSpice® for TI. Definitions may include the analysis you want to perform and the resources you want to…

    • Mar 5, 2021
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