This thread has been locked.

If you have a related question, please click the "Ask a related question" button in the top right corner. The newly created question will be automatically linked to this question.

LMX2581: The Frequency Bounds on the VCO Cores

Part Number: LMX2581

Table 5 in the data sheet says Approximate (NOT ensured) VCO Core Frequency Ranges. In my design there are boundaries where, as I step in frequency, the VCO core will change. I have identified them according to Table 5. This is not a problem if the VCO div doesn't change. In places where the VCO div does change and there are uncertainties on what core is chosen, how can I make sure the correct div is chosen.

As an example if I am operating at 1875M output freq with VCO4 operating at 3750M and a VCO divide by 2 (VCO_Div = 0) and I change to an output of 1880M with VCO1 and VCO divide by 1. What happens if the cal doesn't choose VCO1 for the core? What if the VCO core it chooses expects a different VCO divide than what I have selected?

Please explain what NOT ENSURED means in Table 5.

If I force the synth to use a particular core, does that mean the core range can't be guaranteed to cover the range given in Table 5? Or if I let the cal chose the core, I can't guarantee it will pick the same core as the table?.

Here are the settings I was planning to use.

FreqMin FreqMax VCO Divider VCO Core
740 <790 4 VCO3
790 <940 4 VCO4
940 <1130 2 VCO1
1130 <1355 2 VCO2
1355 <1605 2 VCO3
1605 <1880 2 VCO4
1880 <2175 1 VCO1
2175 2500 1 VCO2

So, I can potentially have issues at the boundaries of 940 and 1880?

How is this supposed to work?

The PLL has no way to determine what freq you are trying to program. It only multiplies the ref by (N +Nfrac/Dfrac)/VCO_divider

If the boundaries for the Cores are not stable from unit to unit then how can you make sure you have the correct VCO divider selected?

For places where the  VCO change is incremental (VCO1 to VCO2 or VCO4 to VCO3) there is overlap and no change to the VCO divider and hence no issue but going from VCO4 to VCO1 there is no overlap so there could be issues with choosing VCO core and VCO divider.

  • Hi Charles,

    Whenever you program R0 with the NO_FCAL = 0, a VCO calibration will be executed. The chip will determine the proper VCO and other VCO related settings according to the PLL configuration. User does not need to choose which VCO to use. 

    Below application note describes what VCO calibration do for the newer synthesizer devices, the same concept applies to LMX2581. 

    https://www.ti.com/lit/an/snaa336a/snaa336a.pdf

  • Thanks, Noel for your quick response. I've thought through this a little more and what I am asking about isn't about calibration. What I am really asking is about the range of tuning for the VCOs. VCO1 has a min freq of 1800MHz and VCO4 has a max freq of 3800. Overall, this determines the full range of the VCO's tuning. Table 5 says "not ensured" for the ranges of the individual VCOs but this is not important because the cal will select the correct VCO. The issue I see is with the end points for the overall VCO tuning. Can you guarantee that the cores will tune from 1800M to 3800M? If you can't guarantee that, I will have problems with picking the proper output VCO divider value as I transition from VCO4 to VCO1 or from VCO1 to VCO4. I think the "not ensured" warning is for the boundaries between the VCOs but not the end points? Is this true?

  • Hi Charles,

    our guaranteed output frequency, as specified in the datasheet is up to 3760MHz. 

    If you need 3800MHz, you should select LMX2581E.

  • I was looking at the data sheet under 1 Features and saw "Output Frequency from 50 to 3760 MHz". I now see the note under 3 Description that says "VCO frequency range is from 1880 to 3670 MHz". I'm only going up to 2500M but was planning on going to 3800 and dividing down for some of my frequencies. Since there is a hard limit on the VCO of 1880 and 3760, I might suggest you include those values in Table 5 so others don't make this same mistake. It looks like PLLatinum sim did include these limits of 3760 and 1880 so my freq plan should work. 

  • Sure, we will log this suggestion and make the change in next datasheet revision.