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LMX2594: VCO4 to VCO5 switch & FCAL behavior

Part Number: LMX2594


Running in partial assist mode, I've found that when stepping frequencies between 11.9G and 12G the FCAL_EN procedure can't seem to decide if it should use VCO4 or VCO5 (sometimes switching back and fourth every frequency step), making the lock time 140-210us (rather than the 20-30us almost everywhere else).

The datasheet specifies, VCO4's upper limit is 12G (exactly), while VCO5's lower frequency limit is 12G (exactly), but FCAL on the device sometimes chooses VCO5 for a frequency of down to 11.9G. The datasheet also specifies that VCO4 should be used from 11.9G to 12.1G (which confusingly contradicts the table above). I have also found that even with *NO ASSISTANCE* FCAL_EN will choose to start using VCO5 at around 11.9Ghz , which is below the specified range.

My partial assistance settings (VCO_DACISET_STRT/VCO_CAPCTRL_STRT/VCO_SEL) are read from the device after a lockup, stored and written back again later.

After running an initial calibration sweep, and saving the results of each FCAL, I can set VCO_SEL_FORCE, and the lock timing for the 11.9-12G range returns to the 'normal' 20-30us.

For my application consistent lockup times are ideal, but being very sure the frequency is stable at the current setting is more important. I have verified these behaviors on both of my sample boards. I assume there is something going on between VCO4/5 given the behavior and the note after table 6 in the datasheet.

My questions are:

1: Will the device be damaged after long term use, allowing the FCAL to choose a VCO and run it outside its specified frequency range?

2: Is there any reason I shouldn't force VCO_SEL (after a calibration sweep), but allow FCAL to tune the other VCO parameters (CAPCTRL/DACISET) to its liking?

3: Would it be necessary to periodically re-run the calibration sweep to choose a new VCO_SEL after continuous running for a period of time? [temperature drift/phase performance?]

  • Jason,

    On page 19 in the datasheet, we say that VCO assistance can not be used and you must start with VCO4.

    The frequency ranges in the datasheet are not final or absolute and they do not show the overlap between the VCOs.  They are programming guidelines.

    For these VCOs, there is considerable overlap between them to accomodate temperature drift.  At 12 GHz, you can likely hit this with the top end of  VCO4 and the bottom range of VCO5.

    1.  In this case, if you allow the VCO to choose a core in the 11.9 to 12.1 GHz range, it will lock and work fine, but you may find that for extreme temperature drifts, it might not hold lock.  Recall that we do guarantee a +/- 125 degree temperature shift in the electrical specs and TI takes meeting our electrical specifications very seriously.

    2. Most times, whether you force the vco or suggest the VCO with VCO_SEL, this is the VCO you get.  However, in the 11.9 - 12.1 GHz range, this might not be the case.  You are likely thinking that if you force the VCO, then the calibration locks this and then runs the other parts.  But what actually happens is tha the calibration runs and then the VCO is forced at the end.  So forcing the VO might not work.

    3.  No.  The reason why we say to do this note on the bottom of page 19 is so that we can guarantee lock over temperature drift.

    Regards,

    Dean

  • Dean,
    Thank you for the additional information, I'm confident that what I'm trying to do will work.

    Thanks!
    -Jason