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error building linux module helloworld

Syed Khalid Mohiuddin
Prodigy 30 points

Hi everyone

   I am new to linux, trying to build helloworld module for my pandaboard running linux-3.8.8. I am using toolchain from codesourcery. Below are the step I had followed

1. export PATH=$PATH:/home/work/mgc/mel-kit/arm-2011.03/bin/

2. export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-

3. export ARCH=arm

4. created helloworld.c with contects

#define MODULE
#include <linux/module.h>  /* Needed by all modules */
#include <linux/kernel.h>  /* Needed for KERN_ALERT */
#include <linux/init.h>         /* Needed for the macros */

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("SKM");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("HW");

int init_module(void)
{
   printk("<1>Hello world\n");
   return 0;
}


void cleanup_module(void)
{
  printk(KERN_ALERT "Goodbye world\n");
}

module_init(init_module);
module_exit(cleanup_module);

5.created Makefile with contents

obj-m +=helloworld.o

all:
        make ARCH=$(ARCH) CROSS_COMPILE=$(CROSS_COMPILE) -C /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/ M=$(PWD) modules

clean:
        make ARCH=$(ARCH) CROSS_COMPILE=$(CROSS_COMPILE) -C /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/ M=$(PWD) clean

--------------

6. I am getting errors as

make
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- -C /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/ M=/home/work/application modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10'
  CC [M]  /home/work/application/helloworld.o
/home/work/application/helloworld.c:1:0: warning: "MODULE" redefined
<command-line>:0:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
In file included from include/linux/irqflags.h:15:0,
                 from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/bitops.h:27,
                 from include/linux/bitops.h:22,
                 from include/linux/kernel.h:10,
                 from include/linux/cache.h:4,
                 from include/linux/time.h:4,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/irqflags.h:11:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
In file included from include/linux/bitops.h:22:0,
                 from include/linux/kernel.h:10,
                 from include/linux/cache.h:4,
                 from include/linux/time.h:4,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/bitops.h:217:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
In file included from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/bitops.h:220:0,
                 from include/linux/bitops.h:22,
                 from include/linux/kernel.h:10,
                 from include/linux/cache.h:4,
                 from include/linux/time.h:4,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
include/asm-generic/bitops/__fls.h: In function '__fls':
include/asm-generic/bitops/__fls.h:17:2: warning: left shift count >= width of type
include/asm-generic/bitops/__fls.h:19:3: warning: left shift count >= width of type
include/asm-generic/bitops/__fls.h:22:2: warning: left shift count >= width of type
include/asm-generic/bitops/__fls.h:26:2: warning: left shift count >= width of type
include/asm-generic/bitops/__fls.h:30:2: warning: left shift count >= width of type
include/asm-generic/bitops/__fls.h:34:2: warning: left shift count >= width of type
include/asm-generic/bitops/__fls.h:38:2: warning: left shift count >= width of type
In file included from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/bitops.h:221:0,
                 from include/linux/bitops.h:22,
                 from include/linux/kernel.h:10,
                 from include/linux/cache.h:4,
                 from include/linux/time.h:4,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
include/asm-generic/bitops/__ffs.h: In function '__ffs':
include/asm-generic/bitops/__ffs.h:19:3: warning: right shift count >= width of type
In file included from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/swab.h:18:0,
                 from include/uapi/linux/swab.h:6,
                 from include/linux/swab.h:4,
                 from include/uapi/linux/byteorder/little_endian.h:12,
                 from include/linux/byteorder/little_endian.h:4,
                 from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/uapi/asm/byteorder.h:21,
                 from include/asm-generic/bitops/le.h:5,
                 from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/bitops.h:308,
                 from include/linux/bitops.h:22,
                 from include/linux/kernel.h:10,
                 from include/linux/cache.h:4,
                 from include/linux/time.h:4,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/uapi/asm/swab.h: At top level:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/uapi/asm/swab.h:26:29: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
In file included from include/uapi/linux/swab.h:6:0,
                 from include/linux/swab.h:4,
                 from include/uapi/linux/byteorder/little_endian.h:12,
                 from include/linux/byteorder/little_endian.h:4,
                 from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/uapi/asm/byteorder.h:21,
                 from include/asm-generic/bitops/le.h:5,
                 from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/bitops.h:308,
                 from include/linux/bitops.h:22,
                 from include/linux/kernel.h:10,
                 from include/linux/cache.h:4,
                 from include/linux/time.h:4,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/swab.h:20:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
In file included from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/thread_info.h:16:0,
                 from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
                 from include/linux/preempt.h:9,
                 from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
                 from include/linux/seqlock.h:29,
                 from include/linux/time.h:5,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/fpstate.h:32:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
In file included from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/domain.h:14:0,
                 from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/thread_info.h:28,
                 from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
                 from include/linux/preempt.h:9,
                 from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
                 from include/linux/seqlock.h:29,
                 from include/linux/time.h:5,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/barrier.h:9:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/barrier.h:10:3: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/barrier.h:16:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/barrier.h:20:35: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
In file included from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/atomic.h:18:0,
                 from include/linux/atomic.h:4,
                 from include/linux/debug_locks.h:5,
                 from include/linux/lockdep.h:23,
                 from include/linux/spinlock_types.h:18,
                 from include/linux/spinlock.h:81,
                 from include/linux/seqlock.h:29,
                 from include/linux/time.h:5,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/cmpxchg.h: In function '__xchg':
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/cmpxchg.h:33:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/cmpxchg.h:40:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
In file included from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/atomic.h:18:0,
                 from include/linux/atomic.h:4,
                 from include/linux/debug_locks.h:5,
                 from include/linux/lockdep.h:23,
                 from include/linux/spinlock_types.h:18,
                 from include/linux/spinlock.h:81,
                 from include/linux/seqlock.h:29,
                 from include/linux/time.h:5,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/cmpxchg.h: At top level:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/cmpxchg.h:108:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/cmpxchg.h:112:2: error: #error "SMP is not supported on this platform"
In file included from include/linux/atomic.h:4:0,
                 from include/linux/debug_locks.h:5,
                 from include/linux/lockdep.h:23,
                 from include/linux/spinlock_types.h:18,
                 from include/linux/spinlock.h:81,
                 from include/linux/seqlock.h:29,
                 from include/linux/time.h:5,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/atomic.h:32:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/atomic.h:155:2: error: #error SMP not supported on pre-ARMv6 CPUs
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/atomic.h:242:3: error: conflicting types for 'atomic64_t'
include/linux/types.h:182:3: note: previous declaration of 'atomic64_t' was here
In file included from include/linux/spinlock.h:87:0,
                 from include/linux/seqlock.h:29,
                 from include/linux/time.h:5,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/spinlock.h:4:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/spinlock.h:5:2: error: #error SMP not supported on pre-ARMv6 CPUs
In file included from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/spinlock.h:8:0,
                 from include/linux/spinlock.h:87,
                 from include/linux/seqlock.h:29,
                 from include/linux/time.h:5,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/processor.h:82:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/processor.h:97:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
In file included from include/linux/spinlock.h:87:0,
                 from include/linux/seqlock.h:29,
                 from include/linux/time.h:5,
                 from include/linux/stat.h:18,
                 from include/linux/module.h:10,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/spinlock.h: In function 'dsb_sev':
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/spinlock.h:47:5: warning: "__LINUX_ARM_ARCH__" is not defined
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/spinlock.h: In function 'arch_spin_lock':
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/spinlock.h:91:3: error: implicit declaration of function 'wfe'
In file included from include/linux/mmzone.h:20:0,
                 from include/linux/gfp.h:4,
                 from include/linux/kmod.h:22,
                 from include/linux/module.h:13,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/page.h: At top level:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/page.h:107:2: error: #error Unknown user operations model
In file included from /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/page.h:161:0,
                 from include/linux/mmzone.h:20,
                 from include/linux/gfp.h:4,
                 from include/linux/kmod.h:22,
                 from include/linux/module.h:13,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h:58:1: warning: "CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSETUL" is not defined
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h:58:1: warning: "CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSETUL" is not defined
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h:52:46: warning: the right operand of ">" changes sign when promoted
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h: In function 'virt_to_phys':
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h:220:1: error: 'CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSETUL' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h:220:1: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h:220:1: error: 'CONFIG_PHYS_OFFSETUL' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h: In function 'phys_to_virt':
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h:225:1: error: 'CONFIG_PHYS_OFFSETUL' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h:225:1: error: 'CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSETUL' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h: In function 'virt_to_bus':
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h:250:1: error: 'CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSETUL' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h:250:1: error: 'CONFIG_PHYS_OFFSETUL' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h: In function 'bus_to_virt':
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h:255:1: error: 'CONFIG_PHYS_OFFSETUL' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h:255:1: error: 'CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSETUL' undeclared (first use in this function)
In file included from include/linux/gfp.h:4:0,
                 from include/linux/kmod.h:22,
                 from include/linux/module.h:13,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
include/linux/mmzone.h: At top level:
include/linux/mmzone.h:97:3: error: 'CONFIG_ARM_L1_CACHE_SHIFT' undeclared here (not in a function)
include/linux/mmzone.h:97:1: error: requested alignment is not a constant
include/linux/mmzone.h:506:1: error: requested alignment is not a constant
In file included from include/linux/notifier.h:14:0,
                 from include/linux/memory_hotplug.h:6,
                 from include/linux/mmzone.h:761,
                 from include/linux/gfp.h:4,
                 from include/linux/kmod.h:22,
                 from include/linux/module.h:13,
                 from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
include/linux/rwsem.h:40:23: fatal error: asm/rwsem.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
make[2]: *** [/home/work/application/helloworld.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [_module_/home/work/application] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.10'
make: *** [all] Error 2

Can any one help me build my first module. I also tried building manually with   " arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -I ../kernel/linux-3.8.10/include/ -I ../kernel/linux-3.8.10/arch/arm/include/ -I ../kernel/linux-3.8.10/ -M='$PWD' -o helloworld.ko helloworld.c "  , it give the same error.

Regards

Khalid




  • 0
    Guru 11260 points

    Hi,

    You missed out one step, here is what you need to do,

    after step 3,  in your linux source directory (ie, /home/work/kernel/linux-3.8.

    10/) just do type this command 'make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- headers_install'

    and then you are good to go.

    Regards,

    --Prabhakar Lad

  • 0 in reply to Prabhakar Lad
    Prodigy 30 points

    Hi Prabhakar,

        I had done the step you have to told i.e. to install headers in kernel directory, but I didn't help. It gives the same error. 

        I am trying to understand the process from where this error is generated. say example below

    In file included from include/linux/notifier.h:14:0,
                     from include/linux/memory_hotplug.h:6,
                     from include/linux/mmzone.h:761,
                     from include/linux/gfp.h:4,
                     from include/linux/kmod.h:22,
                     from include/linux/module.h:13,
                     from /home/work/application/helloworld.c:2:
    include/linux/rwsem.h:40:23: fatal error: asm/rwsem.h: No such file or directory
    compilation terminated.

    Do I have to look at Makefile in sub-directories, to pinpoint the problem.

    Regards

    Khalid

  • 0 in reply to Syed Khalid Mohiuddin
    Guru 11260 points

    1234.module.tar.gz

    Hi,

    I have attached the the simple module with the makefile. Inside

    the makefile just change KERNEL_DIR=<> value to your appropriate directory

    and also CROSS_COMPILE if it differs from mine.

    Follow this steps:-

    1: do  'make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- clean distclean' in your linux directory.

    2: do ' make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- davinci_all_defconfig' in your linux directory.

    3: do 'make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- uImage  CONFIG_DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH=y -j48'

    4: do ' make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- modules'

    5: finally do make in your modules directory where you extracted the above.

    Note:- I am assuming you are doing it for some damm arm architecture

    Regards,

    --Prabhakar Lad

  • 0 in reply to Prabhakar Lad
    Prodigy 30 points

    Hi Prabhakar,

         Thanks for you input, I could build the helloworld module successfully for my OMAP4 (pandaboardES) using omap2plus_defconfig. I will try to see the what are the differences from what I was doing and your input. One thing I could clearly see is make clean distclean.

    Thanks again for your time.

    Regards

    Khalid

  • 0 in reply to Prabhakar Lad
    Expert 1335 points

    HI Prabhakar Lad,

    I tried this on am335xevm getting error.

    compilation is ok got helloworld.ko when i compiled on linux host.

    user@ubuntu:~/hellomodule/module$ make
    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -C /opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-08.00.00.00/board-support/linux-3.14.26-g2489c02 M=/home/user/hellomodule/module modules
    make[1]: Entering directory `/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-08.00.00.00/board-support/linux-3.14.26-g2489c02'
    CC [M] /home/user/hellomodule/module/helloworld.o
    Building modules, stage 2.
    MODPOST 1 modules
    CC /home/user/hellomodule/module/helloworld.mod.o
    LD [M] /home/user/hellomodule/module/helloworld.ko
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-08.00.00.00/board-support/linux-3.14.26-g2489c02'
    user@ubuntu:~/hellomodule/module$

    but when i insmod on am335xevm got below error.

    root@am335x-evm:/home# insmod helloworld.ko
    [ 927.034640] helloworld: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
    insmod: ERROR: could not insert module helloworld.ko: Invalid module format
    root@am335x-evm:/home#

    Regards,

    Mohammed Asif.