Hi,
In my circuit, signals may be input to RIN 1 and RIN 2 when 5 V is not supplied to VCC of this IC. Therefore, I think whether latch-up does not occur.
The data sheet has the following description. Does this content say that latchup does not occur?
P10 8.4.2 VCC Unpowered
When MAX 232 E is unpowered, it can be safely connected to an active remote RS-232 device.
Best Regards,