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[FAQ] How will a logic device respond to a short or open circuit?

This is provided as information only, and is not a guarantee of device performance under the conditions described. This is not a Pin FMEA document, as Standard Logic devices are not rated for "Functional Safety". For Functional safety devices, see ti.com/functionalsafety
TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or the design of Buyers’ products. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with Buyers’ products and applications, Buyers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards.

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Table 1. Failure effect definitions

Class Failure Effects
A Potential device damage that affects functionality
B No device damage, but loss of functionality
C No device damage, but performance degradation
D No device damage, no impact to functionality or performance

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Table 2. Analysis for pin short-circuit to GND

Pin Name Description of Potential Failure Effect(s) Failure Effect Class
Input Input pin functionality is defined such as input is LOW - See Device Function Table
(For example, if buffer input is GND, output will always be driven LOW)
B
Output Can cause excessive output current, output will not switch
(For example, if buffer output is shorted to ground and is attempting to drive to VCC)
A
VCC Device will not be powered, because short is external to device
System level damage may occur in this scenario
B
GND Normal operation D

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Table 3. Analysis for pin open-circuit

Pin Name Description of Potential Failure Effect(s) Failure Effect Class
Input Pin is floating, can change output state and cause excessive current from VCC to GND
See Implications of Slow or Floating CMOS Inputs - ti.com/lit/scba004  
A
Output Normal operation D
VCC Device will not be powered B
GND Device will not be powered B

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Table 4. Analysis for pin short-circuit to VCC 

Pin Name Description of Potential Failure Effect(s) Failure Effect Class
Input Input pin functionality is defined such as input is HIGH - See Device Function Table
(For example, if buffer input is VCC, output will always be driven HIGH)
B
Output Can cause excessive output current, output will not switch
(For example, if buffer output is shorted to VCC and is attempting to drive to GND)
A
VCC Normal operation D
GND Device will not be powered, because short is external to device
System level damage may occur in this scenario
B

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Table 5. Analysis for pin short-circuit to next higher pin number

Pin Name Shorted to Description of Potential Failure Effect(s) Failure Effect Class
Input Input Two inputs shorted together will not cause damage unless there is external bus contention that drives the input such that VIL<Input Voltage<VIH in which case excessive supply current to gnd may cause damage
System level damage may occur in this scenario
A
Input Output Can cause excessive output current, output will not switch
(For example, if inverter input is shorted to output)
A
Output Output Can cause excessive output current, output will not switch
(For example, if one output is driving to VCC and another output is driving to GND)
A
GND VCC Device will not be powered, because short is external to device
System level damage may occur in this scenario
B
NC Any Pin A No Connect connected to any pin will not cause damage to the device, as No Connect pins have no internal connection. D
DNU Any Pin A Do Not Use connected to any pin may cause damage to the device. A