SN74LVC244A: manufacture process & upgrade P2P device

Hello Zhou,
Under what circumstances is the SN74LVC244A being damaged?

The family name will tell you if a device is CMOS based or BJT based (or both, aka BiCMOS). For example, LVC is "Low Voltage CMOS" -- the family names are found in the logic selection guide: www.ti.com/.../sdyu001ab.pdf

FYI - BJT devices are not "upgrades" but in fact are older and much less efficient designs. If you didn't know, BJT logic was the original version of logic developed in the 1960's and named "TTL" or "Transistor-Transistor Logic." CMOS was also originally developed in the 1960's, but didn't surpass BJT and BiCMOS logic until the early 1990's. Today, basically all digital circuits are CMOS with the exception of legacy parts.