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LM2596: About measuring junction temperature

Part Number: LM2596

Hello,

I would like to ask you about measuring the junction temperature of the LM2596T-12.

This package is TO-220, but this time I use it without a heatsink.
(question 1)
What is the thermal resistance value (Rθj-c) without a heat sink?
Please let me know if you have any specific numbers.
(Question 2)
I measure using a thermocouple.
What are the precautions when measuring thermocouples?
Is the IC surface a good measurement point? Or is the back of the IC good?
(Question 3)
Please tell me the formula for calculating the junction temperature during this measurement.

Best regards,