LM2930 max current

“… is it possible to get more than 150mA?...”

150mA is the maximum current for the output voltage +/-10% tolerance rating. Primary limitations are the pass transistor size, Vin-Vout differential voltage, and the junction temperature (Tj).

You ~might~ be able to get 180mA, depends on external factors and how much voltage drop you can tolerate. As for 200mA, I'm guessing that will not happen.

I would recommend LM2937ET-5.0 or LM2937ET-8.0. This is same package and pin-out as LM2930T, but rated for 500mA.

Will LM2937 (TO-220 package with heat-sink) handle 200mA?

That depends on the power being dissipated (Pdiss, W) in the TO-220 package, the ambient temperature (Ta), and the thermal rating of the heat-sink that you attach to the TO-220 tab (Theta(sa), °C/W).

     Pdiss = ( (Vin – Vout) x Iout )

     Theta(ja)= ((Tj - Ta) / Pdiss)

     Theta(sa) = Theta(ja) - Theta(jc)

     LM2937 TO-220 Theta(jc) is 3°C/W

So this is where I start guessing …

If your ambient temperature is 25°C, Vin= 14V, Vout =5V, and Iout= 200mA, then

         Pdiss = ( (Vin – Vout) x Iout ) = ( (14V – 5V) x 0.2A ) = 1.8W

         Theta(ja) ≤ ( (Tj - Ta) / Pdiss ) = ( ( 125°C – 25°C) / 1.8W) = 55.6°C/W

         Theta(sa) = Theta(ja) - Theta(jc) = 55.6°C/W - 3°C/W = 52.6°C/W

A heat-sink to ambient thermal resistance rating (Theta(sa)) of 52.6°C/W, or lower, would suffice for this example. That seems fairly modest and could probably be achieved with a simple 1inch x 1inch piece of PCB with copper on both sides.