Tool/software: Code Composer Studio
When preparing the measurements with a oscilloscope I thought why not using another debugger like the "new" xds110 which is very cheap and has internal power supply and uart to usb bridge.
Surprisingly, I could debug my own board without any troubles! Obviously, the xds200 got a little damaged or has other specifications on SWD than the xds110.
I thought this information might be interesting to some of you.