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Why are PNP transistors more expensive to make? NPN cheaper?

I got a few suggestions/answers but nothing definite after searching and digging around awhile .. I am not so sure about any of these so correct any of them that you see .. I felt that Texas Instruments would be the perfect place to ask since this is where the Silicon transistor was born

Thanks

Alex Van den Bossche · Ghent University Yes, carrier speed of N-type silicon is one thing, but a PNP transistor requires 3 times more SI chip surface, so it gets uneconomical when the chip costs are a big part of the component.

Silane diborane and phosphine gases all react differently .. it is more difficult to control borane p-type doping of silicon also the impurities in polysilicon (it can never be completely pure) act as n-type dopants .. so for quality p-type silicon you have to get much purer polysilicon so n-type silicon is easier -- On the Enhancement of Silicon Chemical Vapor Deposition Rates at Low Temperatures - chang1976.pdf

My last guess was that it is just economics of scale .. NPN are simply far more mass produced so supply and demand .. but it had to start out that way for a reason

  • Hi Greg,

    Thanks for considering Texas Instruments as your 'go-to' place for answers.  However, the transistor was 'born' at Bell Labs (1), the Integrated Circuit was 'born' at TI. And since we do not provide transistors, I cannot comment on the reason for the price differential.

    Regards,

    ~Leonard

    (1)Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor

  • That is strange? .. this book says different unless the author is wrong

    After working quietly and under strict confidentiality at TI for over a year,
    Teal was finally able to successfully fabricate the world’s first silicon transistor.
    He announced his creation to the world in a most unusual way. While attend-
    ing a technical conference, Teal watched as one speaker after another extolled
    the virtues of a theoretical silicon transistor and then lamented the frustrations
    of being unable to solve the requisite fabrication challenges. When it was at last
    Teal’s turn to speak, he simply walked to the podium, played music from an
    audio amplifier made with a germanium transistor, then dropped the transis-
    tor circuit board into a glass of boiling water. To no one’s surprise, the music
    went dead, because the germanium transistor could not function at 100º C, the
    temperature at which water boils. Teal then casually took out from his pocket
    a replacement transistor, pressed play again, and then immersed that circuit
    board in the boiling water. This time, the music kept playing. Slowly, it dawned
    on the audience what exactly they had just witnessed. As the assembled crowd
    broke into uproarious applause, Teal dramatically announced TI’s spectacular
    success in ushering in the new age of silicon electronics.

    Conquering the Electron - Derek Cheung pg219
  • I guess Bell Labs did invent it first by a few months

    First silicon transistor and integrated circuits
    Transistorized "logic" chip, an integrated circuit produced by TI

    In January 1954 Morris Tanenbaum at Bell Labs created the first workable silicon transistor.[16] This work was reported in the spring of 1954, at the IRE off-the-record conference on Solid State Devices, and was later published in the Journal of Applied Physics​. Working independently in April 1954, Gordon Teal at TI created the first commercial silicon transistor and tested it on April 14, 1954. On May 10, 1954, at the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) National Conference on Airborne Electronics in Dayton, OH,Teal presented a paper: "Some Recent Developments in Silicon and Germanium Materials and Devices,".[17]

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Texas_Instruments
  • Hi Greg,

     Well, I stand corrected, as from our History page ( http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history.html ): 

    1950s

    We officially become Texas Instruments Incorporated, entering the semiconductor industry by inventing the silicon transistor in 1954. In 1958, TIer Jack Kilby invents the integrated circuit, revolutionizing the semi- conductor industry and paving the way for all modern electronics.

     

    And since we do not manufacture transistors, I still cannot answer your initial question.

    ~Leonard 

  • Oh well that is a bummer .. maybe I can find someone who still makes them

    Thanks anyway Leonard
  • Hi Greg,

    Setting aside the historical aspect, the reason that a P-Type transistor is more expensive is directly related to the size. In silicon, the material cost is directly related to the size of the die. P-Type transistors use hole minority carriers (i.e. the holes carry the current) and N-Type transistors use electron mobility carriers (i.e. the electrons carry the current). The current carrying capability of the charge carriers in a P-Type device is about 1/3 of that found in an N-Type device, it takes about 3x more silicon to carry the current in a P-type device than an N-Type device. So, as you might imagine, if it's 3x larger, it's 3x more expensive. Since enough good work-arounds have been developed to use primarily or exclusively all N-Type devices, there is no reason to spend the extra money.- and few people choose P-Types if they can get the job done with N-Types... Likewise, since the volumes of P-Types go down due to higher price, less P-Type devices are developed by companies and their popularity and sales volumes spiral down as their prices continue to go up.

    So, they are more expensive partly for technical reasons, partly for business reasons. Suffice it to say that, if you can use N-Types, it's a better way to go most of the time- and especially the way to go if you're concerned about cost.

    Regards,
    Cody Dowling
    Upstream Audio & Acoustics