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Ming,
The ADS1118 measures the internal die temperature of the device. Because the power dissipation of this device is extremely small, we expect the die temperature to be very close to the board temperature.
I would note that the board temperature will vary a bit depending on the devices nearby. Some may have much higher power dissipation, and they may be closer or further away from the ADS1118, which will affect the temperature measurement.
Joseph Wu