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BQ4050EVM-561: Hardware-based protection

Annie Liu
Genius 10295 points
Part Number: BQ4050EVM-561
Other Parts Discussed in Thread: BQ4050, BQ40Z50, BQSTUDIO

Hi Team,

【 Hardware-based protection】In sections 2.4, 2.5, and 2.6 of the TRM document for bq4050:

 

1. Customer wants to know what is the difference between short-circuit protection for charging/discharging and overcurrent protection? Is the speed of short-circuit protection faster?

 

2. 【 Hardware-based protection】Is the unit of delay time for short-circuit protection here seconds, ms, or something else?

Regards,

Annie

  • 0
    TI__Mastermind 37761 points

    Hey Annie,

    1. Overcurrent protection is a firmware based protection while the short circuit protection is hardware based. Hardware protections are generally faster.
    2. For short-circuit protection, it is in terms of microseconds. Delay time for hardware protections are outlined in the datasheet.

    Sincerely,
    Nick Richards

  • 0
    TI__Guru** 105800 points

    Hello Annie,

    In addition to Nick's response you should be able to reference the FAQ we have linked on the BQ40Z50 FAQ home page that will help answer this question: https://e2e.ti.com/support/power-management-group/power-management/f/power-management-forum/1111094/faq-what-are-the-differences-between-the-hardware-and-firmware-protections

    Sincerely,

    Wyatt Keller

  • 0 in reply to Adrian
    TI__Genius 10295 points

    Hi Nick,

    Thank you for your detailed reply.

    In chapter 14.2.4.3 of the TRM document of bq4050, there are ASCC control bits. But in the bqStudio software, there is no such control bit. Is the ASCC function enabled by default?

    In addition, in chapter 14.2.4 protection, there is no [ASCD] setting bit, only [ASCDL] setting bit. Is the ASCD setting bit also enabled by default?

    Regards,

    Annie

  • 0 in reply to Annie Liu
    TI__Mastermind 37761 points

    Hey Annie,

    I am currently looking into this, and should hopefully get back with you next week.

    Sincerely,
    Nick Richards

  • 0 in reply to Adrian
    TI__Guru** 105800 points

    Hello Annie,

    The bit should be reserved and not changed from default. Hardware protections are always enabled so you cannot disable them. If you toggle the bit from default the protection will still turn off the FETs but the register page will not show the ASCC failure, which can be confusing if trying to debug.

    Sincerely,

    Wyatt Keller

  • 0 in reply to Wyatt Keller
    TI__Genius 10295 points

    Hi Wyatt,

    The customer has made the ascd (discharge short circuit protection) function. The parameters set are ASCD->Threshold1 = 73, ASCD->Threshold2 = e3. The following two experiments were done:

    1. Enable ASCDL function (ASCDL bit of protections B = 1)

     Latch Limit = 0， Counter Dec Delay = 10S， Recovery = 5 S，Reset = 15S

    2. Disable ASCDL function (ASCDL bit of protections B = 0)

    In the above two experiments, no short-circuit protection was seen, and the ASCD bit of the safety status was 0 (green). 

    May I ask why there is no discharge short circuit protection?

    Regards,

    Annie

  • 0 in reply to Annie Liu
    TI__Mastermind 37761 points

    Hey Annie,

    Are you able to get a BQStudio Log file of this problem occurring? Also, can you send the gg file?

    Sincerely,
    Nick Richards

  • 0 in reply to Adrian
    TI__Genius 10295 points

    Hi Nick,

    This is the gg file and log of the 2 experiments. During operation, after a short circuit, in the [DashBoard] of the studio interface, the ammeter remains on for more than 3 seconds, and there is no short circuit protection, and then the power is manually cut off. Why discharge short circuit has no effect?

    bq4050_ascd_3A_without_ocd.csvbq4050_ascd_3A_with_ocd.csv

    Tue Jul 18 10:04:29 CST 2023

Device Version Info = 9e34_0_01
BQZ Device Name = bq4050
BQZ Firmware Version = V0_01_BLD22

Design Capacity = 8464
Design Voltage = 14800
Specification Info = 0x0031
Manufacturer Date = 1980-1-1
Serial Number = 0x0001
Manufacturer Name = Texas Instruments
Device Name = bq4050
Device Chemistry = LION

Sample,DateTime,ElapsedTime,ManufAccess,RemCapAlarm,RemTimeAlarm,BattMode,@Rate(@),@TimeFull,@TimeEmpty,@RateOK,Temperature,Voltage,Current,AvgCurr,MaxErr,RSOC,ASOC,SOH,RemCap,FullChgCap,RunTimeEmty,RunTimeEmty,AvgTimeFull,ChgCurr,ChgVolt,BattStat,CycleCnt,OpStatA,OpStatB,TempRange,ChgStat,GaugeStat,MfgStat,SafetyAlertAB,SafetyStatAB,SafetyAlertCD,SafetyStatCD,PFAlertAB,PFStatAB,PFAlertCD,PFStatCD,CellVolt1,CellVolt2,CellVolt3,CellVolt4,vBAT,vPACK,CellCurr1,CellCurr2,CellCurr3,CellCurr4,CellPower1,CellPower2,CellPower3,CellPower4,Power,AvgPow,IntTemp,TS1Temp,TS2Temp,TS3Temp,TS4Temp,CellTemp,FETTemp,CEDV_RC,DSGCap,CEDVThr,CEDVFltV,ChgDeficit,LogRowTime(ms),LogStatus
1,2023-07-18 10:04:33,4.007,0x0187,4320,10,0xE001,0,65535,65535,1,28.3,15274,0,0,100,98,49,50,36160,37000,65535,65535,65535,1000,15800,0x00C0,0,0x0187,0x0000,0x10,0x0004,0x40,0x0010,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,3863,3803,3806,3802,15023,15267,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,29.3,25.7,28.4,28.3,28.4,28.3,-273.2,2443,51,12268,14182,0,778,SUCCESS
2,2023-07-18 10:04:37,8.017,0x0187,4320,10,0xE001,0,65535,65535,1,28.3,15273,0,0,100,98,49,50,36160,37000,65535,65535,65535,1000,15800,0x00C0,0,0x0187,0x0000,0x10,0x0004,0x40,0x0010,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,3863,3803,3806,3802,15021,15267,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,29.3,25.7,28.4,28.3,28.4,28.3,-273.2,2443,51,12268,14182,0,751,SUCCESS
3,2023-07-18 10:04:41,12.026,0x0187,4320,10,0xE001,0,65535,65535,1,28.4,15274,0,0,100,98,49,50,36160,37000,65535,65535,65535,1000,15800,0x00C0,0,0x0187,0x0000,0x10,0x0004,0x40,0x0010,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,3863,3803,3806,3802,15021,15268,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,29.3,25.7,28.4,28.4,28.5,28.4,-273.2,2443,51,12268,14182,0,788,SUCCESS
4,2023-07-18 10:04:45,16.027,0x0187,4320,10,0xE001,0,65535,65535,1,28.4,13692,-4284,-842,100,98,49,50,36110,37000,37,188,65535,1000,15800,0x08C0,0,0x0187,0x0000,0x10,0x0002,0x40,0x0010,0x0010,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,3441,3483,3481,3286,13474,13646,-4264,-4258,-4266,-4266,-1467,-1483,-1485,-1402,-5842,-1190,29.3,25.7,28.4,28.4,28.4,28.4,-273.2,2439,54,10720,13688,0,775,SUCCESS
5,2023-07-18 10:04:49,20.041,0x0187,4320,10,0xE001,0,65535,65535,1,28.4,13692,-4173,-1655,100,98,49,50,36040,37000,38,95,65535,1000,15800,0x08C0,0,0x0187,0x0000,0x10,0x0002,0x40,0x0010,0x0010,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,3442,3482,3480,3289,13479,13647,-4151,-4146,-4154,-4149,-1429,-1444,-1446,-1365,-5693,-2293,29.3,25.7,28.4,28.4,28.4,28.4,-273.2,2434,59,10808,13688,0,814,SUCCESS
6,2023-07-18 10:04:53,24.041,0x0187,4320,10,0xE001,0,65535,65535,1,28.4,15208,0,0,100,98,49,50,36010,37000,65535,65535,65535,1000,15800,0x00C0,0,0x0187,0x0000,0x10,0x0004,0x40,0x0010,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,3847,3787,3790,3787,14958,15206,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,29.4,25.7,28.4,28.4,28.5,28.4,-273.2,2433,61,11678,13700,0,799,SUCCESS
7,2023-07-18 10:04:57,28.052,0x0187,4320,10,0xE001,0,65535,65535,1,28.4,15222,0,0,100,98,49,50,36010,37000,65535,65535,65535,1000,15800,0x00C0,0,0x0187,0x0000,0x10,0x0004,0x40,0x0010,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,3850,3791,3793,3790,14972,15216,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,29.4,25.7,28.4,28.4,28.5,28.4,-273.2,2433,61,11678,13700,0,795,SUCCESS

    Tue Jul 18 10:06:03 CST 2023

Device Version Info = 9e34_0_01
BQZ Device Name = bq4050
BQZ Firmware Version = V0_01_BLD22

Design Capacity = 8464
Design Voltage = 14800
Specification Info = 0x0031
Manufacturer Date = 1980-1-1
Serial Number = 0x0001
Manufacturer Name = Texas Instruments
Device Name = bq4050
Device Chemistry = LION

Sample,DateTime,ElapsedTime,ManufAccess,RemCapAlarm,RemTimeAlarm,BattMode,@Rate(@),@TimeFull,@TimeEmpty,@RateOK,Temperature,Voltage,Current,AvgCurr,MaxErr,RSOC,ASOC,SOH,RemCap,FullChgCap,RunTimeEmty,RunTimeEmty,AvgTimeFull,ChgCurr,ChgVolt,BattStat,CycleCnt,OpStatA,OpStatB,TempRange,ChgStat,GaugeStat,MfgStat,SafetyAlertAB,SafetyStatAB,SafetyAlertCD,SafetyStatCD,PFAlertAB,PFStatAB,PFAlertCD,PFStatCD,CellVolt1,CellVolt2,CellVolt3,CellVolt4,vBAT,vPACK,CellCurr1,CellCurr2,CellCurr3,CellCurr4,CellPower1,CellPower2,CellPower3,CellPower4,Power,AvgPow,IntTemp,TS1Temp,TS2Temp,TS3Temp,TS4Temp,CellTemp,FETTemp,CEDV_RC,DSGCap,CEDVThr,CEDVFltV,ChgDeficit,LogRowTime(ms),LogStatus
1,2023-07-18 10:06:07,4.015,0x0187,4320,10,0xE001,0,65535,65535,1,28.5,15256,0,0,100,98,49,50,36010,37000,65535,65535,65535,1000,15800,0x00C0,0,0x0187,0x0000,0x10,0x0004,0x40,0x0010,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,3859,3798,3802,3798,15005,15252,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,29.5,25.9,28.5,28.5,28.5,28.5,-273.2,2433,61,11678,13700,0,751,SUCCESS
2,2023-07-18 10:06:11,8.029,0x0187,4320,10,0xE001,0,65535,65535,1,28.5,13686,-4236,-814,100,98,49,50,35950,37000,37,194,65535,1000,15800,0x00C0,0,0x0187,0x0000,0x10,0x0002,0x40,0x0010,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,3440,3480,3479,3284,13468,13642,-4217,-4228,-4224,-4222,-1451,-1471,-1470,-1387,-5777,-1117,29.5,25.9,28.5,28.5,28.5,28.5,-273.2,2429,65,10768,13682,0,808,SUCCESS
3,2023-07-18 10:06:15,12.043,0x0187,4320,10,0xE001,0,65535,65535,1,28.5,14999,-1246,-1428,100,98,49,50,35900,37000,114,100,65535,1000,15800,0x00C0,0,0x0187,0x0000,0x10,0x0004,0x40,0x0010,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,3842,3783,3786,3783,14887,15191,-19,-11,-4,-7,-7,-4,-2,-3,-5,-1969,29.6,25.9,28.5,28.5,28.6,28.5,-273.2,2426,68,11694,13689,0,785,SUCCESS
4,2023-07-18 10:06:19,16.049,0x0187,4320,10,0xE001,0,65535,65535,1,28.5,15212,0,0,100,98,49,50,35900,37000,65535,65535,65535,1000,15800,0x00C0,0,0x0187,0x0000,0x10,0x0004,0x40,0x0010,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,3848,3788,3791,3787,14962,15209,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,29.5,25.9,28.6,28.5,28.5,28.5,-273.2,2426,68,12196,13689,0,763,SUCCESS
5,2023-07-18 10:06:23,20.061,0x0187,4320,10,0xE001,0,65535,65535,1,28.5,15220,0,0,100,98,49,50,35900,37000,65535,65535,65535,1000,15800,0x00C0,0,0x0187,0x0000,0x10,0x0004,0x40,0x0010,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,3850,3790,3793,3789,14971,15214,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,29.6,25.9,28.6,28.5,28.5,28.5,-273.2,2426,68,12196,13689,0,778,SUCCESS

    Regards,

    Annie

  • 0 in reply to Annie Liu
    TI__Mastermind 37761 points

    Hey Annie,

    I looked over the log file and gg file and the gauge seems to be working as intended. The ASCD protection did not trip because the gauge did not measure the required current for this protection to go off. If the threshold is set at the lowest setting "0x00", then the gauge will need to measure at least 22.2 amps to trigger this protection. This is calculated by taking the threshold voltage (-22.2mV) and dividing that by the sense resistor value (since you are using the EVM, this is a 1 milliohm resistor). Thus -22.2mV/1mOhm = -22.2 amps. However, the OCD protection is working as intended since the Safety Alert bit was set during the discharge.

    Sincerely,
    Nick Richards

  • 0 in reply to Adrian
    TI__Genius 10295 points

    Hi Nick,

    Regarding the ascd problem, change the sense resistor from 1mohm to 10mohm, and then the ascd protection can be achieved.

    ascd is a voltage protection mechanism. When it is 1mohm, it is estimated that the corresponding threshold value cannot be reached, so it cannot be protected.

    Regards,

    Annie

  • 0 in reply to Annie Liu
    TI__Mastermind 37761 points

    Hey Annie,

    That is correct, if you want the ASCD protection to trigger at a lower current than 22 amps, then you will need to change the sense resistor.

    Sincerely,
    Nick Richards