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BQ40Z50-R1: Is SLEEP mode not included in RELAX mode?

Part Number: BQ40Z50-R1

Hi,

Question:
Is SLEEP mode not included in RELAX mode?

Reason for question:
I am conducting an experiment in which I leave a battery pack equipped with BQ40Z50-R1 unattended and observe the amount of self-discharge.

The main SLEEP-related DF settings of BQ40Z50-R1 are as follows.

  • Settings:Configuration:FET Options[SLEEPCHG] : 1
  • Settings:Configuration:DA Configuration[SLEEP] : 1

Since the sleep function of the BQ40Z50-R1 is enabled, the BQ40Z50-R1 spends most of the time in a sleep state during the experiment.

  • BQ40Z50-R1 check open circuit voltage
  • BQ40Z50-R1 checks the current amount
  • My device retrieves data via SMBUS (1time/h)

Lately, I've noticed an increase in the MaxError value.

It increases by 1% approximately every 20 days.
The specific figures regarding 1%=>2% are as follows.

About 475 hours, 19.79 days, +0.05%/day

According to TRM (sluubc1d.pdf, 13.13 0x0C MaxError()), +0.05% seems to be implemented if QMax is not updated for a long time (default 24h).
This matches my situation.
My battery during the experiment was not in RELAX mode, and I predict that no QMax updates were performed.

*This is my fault, but I did not include MAC 0x0056 GaugingStatus when acquiring SMBUS data during the experiment. Therefore it is not possible to check the REST flags

Appreciate your help.

  • Hello,

    Do you have the log data during this experiment? If so, please provide it. 

    Essentially the Relax mode is sleep mode as the gauge will enter relax mode when current is less than Quit current. 

    It is not unknown that coulomb counter will accumulate charge over time. This is what we call offset error.  

    What is the main concern/issue here?

    Regards,
    Jose Couso

  • Hello, Jose.

    Thanks for your reply.
    I couldn't find a way to attach files on this forum, so I'll include an excerpt of the log at the end of this post.

    The value below is 10mA as the default value.

    DF Gas Gauging:Current Thresholds:Quit Current

    I only have one question.
    I would like to know why MaxError accumulates at 0.05%/day.

    > Essentially the Relax mode is sleep mode as the gauge will enter relax mode when current is less than Quit current.

    Can you think of any other factors? (I haven't logged CycleCount either, but I don't think the count is increasing because it's left without charging or discharging.)

    Regards,

    Hitoshi Okuma

    date&time,Temperature(degC),Voltage(mV),Current(mA),MaxError,RSOC(%),RemainingCapacity(mAh),FCC(mAh),BatteryStatus,SoH(%)
    2023/8/24 13:00,27,15886,0,1,81,10300,12864,c0,98
    2023/8/24 14:00,27,15880,0,1,81,10301,12864,c0,98
    2023/8/24 15:00,27,15878,0,1,81,10302,12864,c0,98
    2023/8/24 16:00,27,15874,0,1,81,10303,12864,c0,98
    2023/8/24 17:00,27,15873,0,1,81,10304,12864,c0,98
    2023/8/24 18:00,26,15871,0,1,81,10291,12855,c0,98
    2023/8/24 19:00,26,15869,0,1,81,10292,12855,c0,98
    2023/8/24 20:00,27,15869,0,1,81,10293,12855,c0,98
    2023/8/24 21:00,28,15868,0,1,81,10294,12855,c0,98
    2023/8/24 22:00,29,15867,0,1,81,10295,12855,c0,98
    2023/8/24 23:00,29,15866,0,1,80,10268,12862,c0,98
    2023/8/25 0:00,29,15866,0,1,80,10269,12862,c0,98
    2023/8/25 1:00,29,15864,0,1,80,10271,12862,c0,98
    2023/8/25 2:00,29,15864,0,1,80,10272,12862,c0,98
    2023/8/25 3:00,29,15864,0,1,80,10273,12862,c0,98
    2023/8/25 4:00,29,15862,0,1,80,10274,12862,c0,98
    2023/8/25 5:00,28,15861,0,1,80,10225,12853,c0,98
    2023/8/25 6:00,28,15860,0,1,80,10226,12853,c0,98
    2023/8/25 7:00,29,15859,0,1,80,10227,12853,c0,98
    2023/8/25 8:00,30,15860,0,1,80,10228,12853,c0,98
    2023/8/25 9:00,29,15861,0,1,80,10186,12856,c0,98
    2023/8/25 10:00,26,15857,0,1,80,10188,12856,c0,98
    2023/8/25 11:00,26,15858,0,1,80,10189,12856,c0,98
    2023/8/25 12:00,26,15856,0,1,80,10190,12856,c0,98
    2023/8/25 13:00,27,15858,0,1,80,10177,12849,c0,98
    2023/8/25 14:00,27,15856,0,1,79,10134,12849,c0,98
    2023/8/25 15:00,28,15857,0,1,79,10135,12849,c0,98
    2023/8/25 16:00,28,15856,0,1,79,10136,12849,c0,98
    2023/8/25 17:00,28,15855,0,1,79,10137,12849,c0,98
    2023/8/25 18:00,27,15854,0,1,79,10136,12861,c0,98
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    2023/8/25 21:00,26,15853,0,1,79,10108,12861,c0,98
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    2023/8/25 23:00,27,15853,0,1,79,10100,12865,c0,98
    2023/8/26 0:00,28,15853,0,1,79,10078,12865,c0,98
    2023/8/26 1:00,28,15852,0,1,79,10079,12865,c0,98
    2023/8/26 2:00,28,15852,0,1,79,10080,12865,c0,98
    2023/8/26 3:00,27,15851,0,1,79,10082,12865,c0,98
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    2023/8/26 12:00,35,15851,0,1,78,10019,12849,c0,98
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    2023/8/26 15:00,38,15851,0,1,78,10015,12843,c0,98
    2023/8/26 16:00,38,15850,0,1,78,9992,12836,c0,98
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    2023/8/27 0:00,33,15844,0,1,78,9977,12837,c0,98
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    2023/8/28 0:00,32,15836,0,1,78,9949,12856,c0,98
    2023/8/28 1:00,31,15836,0,1,78,9951,12856,c0,98
    2023/8/28 2:00,31,15835,0,1,78,9952,12856,c0,98
    2023/8/28 3:00,30,15834,0,1,78,9943,12857,c0,98
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    2023/8/28 15:00,27,15831,0,1,78,9933,12859,c0,98
    2023/8/28 16:00,27,15831,0,1,78,9928,12854,c0,98
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    2023/8/28 21:00,28,15830,0,1,78,9925,12850,c0,98
    2023/8/28 22:00,29,15830,0,1,78,9926,12850,c0,98
    2023/8/28 23:00,29,15830,0,1,78,9927,12850,c0,98
    2023/8/29 0:00,29,15831,0,1,78,9928,12850,c0,98
    2023/8/29 1:00,29,15829,0,1,78,9929,12850,c0,98
    2023/8/29 2:00,29,15829,0,1,78,9919,12844,c0,98
    2023/8/29 3:00,29,15831,0,1,78,9920,12844,c0,98
    2023/8/29 4:00,29,15828,0,1,78,9921,12844,c0,98
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    2023/8/29 6:00,28,15828,0,1,78,9924,12844,c0,98
    2023/8/29 7:00,29,15828,0,1,78,9918,12843,c0,98
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    2023/8/29 9:00,28,15828,0,1,78,9920,12843,c0,98
    2023/8/29 10:00,26,15826,0,1,78,9922,12843,c0,98
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    2023/8/29 12:00,26,15826,0,1,78,9915,12845,c0,98
    2023/8/29 13:00,26,15828,0,1,78,9916,12845,c0,98
    2023/8/29 14:00,27,15825,0,1,78,9916,12845,c0,98
    2023/8/29 15:00,28,15828,0,1,78,9917,12845,c0,98
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    2023/8/29 23:00,29,15825,0,1,78,9903,12844,c0,98
    2023/8/30 0:00,29,15824,0,1,78,9905,12844,c0,98
    2023/8/30 1:00,29,15824,0,1,78,9906,12844,c0,98
    2023/8/30 2:00,29,15825,0,1,78,9907,12844,c0,98
    2023/8/30 3:00,29,15825,0,1,78,9899,12843,c0,98
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    2023/8/30 23:00,29,15820,0,1,77,9866,12840,c0,98
    2023/8/31 0:00,29,15820,0,1,77,9867,12840,c0,98
    2023/8/31 1:00,29,15820,0,1,77,9869,12840,c0,98
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    2023/9/13 0:00,27,15774,0,1,76,9713,12850,c0,98
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    2023/9/13 3:00,27,15773,0,1,76,9716,12850,c0,98
    2023/9/13 4:00,26,15774,0,1,76,9718,12850,c0,98
    2023/9/13 5:00,26,15773,0,1,76,9711,12852,c0,98
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    2023/9/13 8:00,27,15775,0,2,76,9714,12852,c0,98

  • Hello Hitoshi Okuma,

    Even if the device is in RELAX mode, it will accumulate charge. The device will not report any current less than the Deadband threshold (3mA by default).

    Impedance Tracking doesn’t rely on current when in relax. While it will accumulate charge in relax (which causes this whole dilemma with the ghost current over many hours), by definition, relax means that the current is negligible, hence the gauge will use OCV measurements to update gauging results.

    SOC might jump in relax if conditions change. 

    Are you using the smoothing feature? 

    Regards,
    Jose Couso

  • Hello, Jose.

    Impedance Tracking doesn’t rely on current when in relax. While it will accumulate charge in relax (which causes this whole dilemma with the ghost current over many hours), by definition, relax means that the current is negligible, hence the gauge will use OCV measurements to update gauging results.

    Can this be the reason why my device's MaxError increases (0.05%/day)?
    If YES, can you think that "as the RELAX period continues, the impedance track error will increase (the MaxError value will also increase)"?

    Are you using the smoothing feature? 

    Yes. The following relevant DF bits are 1

    Settings:Configuration:IT Gauging Configuration [RELAX_SMOOTH_OK]
    Settings:Configuration:IT Gauging Configuration [SMOOTH]

    Regards,
    Hitoshi Okuma

  • Hello Hitoshi Okuma,

    Yes, most likely this is the reason. You can force a shallow discharge to allow for learning. 

    If RELAX_SMOOTH_OK is set, it will allow SOC to jump while in relax if conditions change. For instance, if temperature increases by more than 5C.

    On another point. If you see that the filtered values (FltFullChg and FltRem) differ from the true values (TrueRem and TrueFullChg), you can send the SMOOTH_SYNC command.

    Normally the SMOOTH_SYNC is needed when SMOOTH is set. Let me explain. When OCV measurements are taken, the gauge will update the true capacity values, but the filtered values will remain the same. 

    Regards,
    Jose Couso

  • Hello Jose,

    Thanks for your cooperation.
    Summarize the cause of the problem and list 3 questions

    # Summary of the cause of the problem (about MaxError increase during SLEEP)

    • SLEEP is included in RELAX
    • During the RELAX period, the IT algorithm does not depend on current. Only OCV is used
      • Discharge currents below the deadband are accumulated (and this is a source of error)

    # Q1: I want to recover the increased MaxError

    Should I perform 1-2 charge/discharge cycles at a temperature near the Recommended Temp?
    Please let me know if there is a more efficient way or if I'm wrong in the first place.

    # Q2: Is there a way to prevent MaxError from increasing during SLEEP?

    For example, "Keep SOC 80% while recharging." Please let me know if you have any good suggestions

    # Q3: Unknown symbol

    SMOOTH_SYNC, FltFullChg, FltRem, TrueRem, TrueFullChg

    Could you please tell me the URL of the documents that explain these?

  • Hello Hitoshi Okuma,

    Q1. You do not need to do a charge/discharge cycle to reset accumulated charge error. You can apply a discharge for 1 minute and then stop the discharge. This should reset the accumulated error.

    Q2. The accumulated charge error will always increments if the application has a ghost current. Applying shadow discharges as described in my first point should reset the error.

    Q3. The TRM talks high level on smooth values which are essential filtered values. This is private information that customer do not need to know these details. See below for what TRM shows.



    Regards,
    Jose Couso

  • Hello, Jose.


    Q1, Q2 : I understand this. Thank you!


    Q3 : OK. Of course, I also believe that the details of the algorithm can remain a black box to some extent.

    But I would like to know what SMOOTH_SYNC, FltFullChg, FltRem, TrueRem, TrueFullChg mean. If there is a document such as a "collection of frequently used keywords" in TI's collection of materials, could you please introduce it to me? (I couldn't find it from the DF bits, etc.)


    Regards,
    Hitoshi Okuma

  • Hi Hitoshi Okuma,

    I believe the smooth_sync feature is in later firmware versions starting in R3. BQ40z50-R3. Latest FW available is R5.

    The gauge will report these parameters in the log file.


    Regards,
    Jose Couso

  • Hello, Jose.

    Q1, Q2 : I understand this. Thank you!

    By the way, regarding the discharge to recover the fuel gauge error and MaxError, is there a threshold for the discharge current? (e.g. 0.2C, etc.)

    I believe the smooth_sync feature is in later firmware versions starting in R3. BQ40z50-R3. Latest FW available is R5.

    The gauge will report these parameters in the log file.

    I am using R1, but I will refer to it as knowledge of the 40z50 series. Thank you!

    Regards,
    Hitoshi Okuma

  • Hi Hitoshi Okuma,

    The DSG Current Threshold indicates when the gauge enters and exits DSG mode. Please reference to Section 6.3 Gas Gauge Modes in the TRM.

    Regards,
    Jose Couso

  • Hi, Jose.

    I checked the threshold.

    Gas Gauging:Current Threshold:Dsg Current Threshold

    thank you!