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Hello Jin,
The D15 diode has the purpose of protecting the electronics from high inductive loads. With high inductive loads the when a fault occurs the current would drop but as Ohm's law tells us voltage would spike up. Therefore, the purpose of the D15 diode is to clamp the voltage at a certain level to not cause any damage to the BMS system and perhaps the system as a whole.
To answer your other question, i would simply suggest you go through the TIDA-00449 that you are currently addressing and following the requirements that are used using the application the 449 is for. Then modify the components based on the needs you have. You can also reference the datasheet of each component under their application section that should explain high level understanding on how to select the components.
Thanks
Miguel