TPS53355: How to change devices parameter for TPS53355 SCH output 1V/17A to output 1V/23A

Aladdin,
You can go thru the entire design procedure as outlined in the datasheet. Or you could use Webench design tool located here to generate a new design:
www.ti.com/.../TPS53355
However if you just want to use your present circuit, I think your current limit is set high enough already to support 23 A. There are a couple things to note:
You could use a smaller value inductor, but 1 uH is ok. The current rating is high enough.
You only have to uF + 0.1 uF ceramic capacitor on the input. I would increase that substantially. I recommend 4 x 22 uF ceramic. You will still need the electrolytic as you will need to damp the resonance of the input inductor.