The Multiplexer has more delay than allowed in the datasheet. Instead of a max. of 20ns it has every 15-30 seconds 800ns. This stops our sensors from working.
I attached two graphs in picture 11 you see the delay of the slave violet) to the master(yellow). This should be the first bit of a databyte. Here it recognizes a startcondition, which causes the failure. From the datasheet the maximum delay of the multiplexer is 20ns between income and outcome. Here we have 800ns. As a comparison picture 12 with same timebase.

