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Using Operational Transconductance (Voltage-to-Current) Amplifiers

Other Parts Discussed in Thread: OPA861, OPA860

If you are interested to learn about voltage-to-current conversion and some of the problem it can resolve better than traditional operational amplifier, look at the following application note.

http://focus.ti.com/general/docs/techdocsabstract.tsp?abstractName=sboa117

  • so there is with OPA861 finally a much improved successor of the old unfortunately discontinued Intersil CA3080 or its also discontinued superior successor the CA3280; I liked the CA3080 very much, designing voltage conntrolled amplifiers, or in my case a voltage controlled integrator was a snap, so maybe I´ll use OPAs861 in my future design, there are however two drawbacks of the OPA861:

    1) Transconductance nonlinearity versus input voltage - fig 3 in datasheet, which even increases as control current is reduced - fig 4 in datasheet, such the linear input voltage range is very limited (similar with old CA3080) - so in my view an other IC implementing a linearization technique like in the CA3280 would be a good idea

    2) tuning range of transconductance vs. quiescient currentis very limited - to 1decade as I deduce from datasheet fig. 2, the CA3080 could be tuned linearly over 3 decades, so my voltage controlled integrator worked very well over three decades without any component switching - so in my view an IC with larger tuning range would be a good idea

  • Hi Andree,

    Thank you for your feedback.  Here are some additional notes that may prove useful to you.

    1) The OPA861 is using a very different architecture than the CA3080 or the CA3280 and as such teh lienarization technique used in the CA3x80 does not apply to the OPA861.  Let me elaborate a little.  The CA3x80 input is essentially a differential pair.  the OPA861 is using an open-loop buffer.  It is possible to increase the linearity of the OPA861 to any accuracy required, the trade-off by doing so is the reduction of the Gm and possibly an increase in noise.  To increase the linearity, all is required is to insert a resistance on the E-output.  Below is a table of the achieavable linearity of the OPA861 when increasing the E-input resistor.

    OPA861
    G = 1V/V
    Vs = ±5V Vcm = 0V
    RE (W) Linearity (%)
    100 1.960%
    200 0.600%
    300 0.236%
    400 0.116%
    500 0.058%
    600 0.033%
    700 0.018%
    800 0.011%
    900 0.006%
    1000 0.004%

     

    2) If your application can accept some loss in bandwidth, you may be able to use the OPA861 over two decades as the OPA861 was not evaluated under those conditions.  I believe the spice model can provide you an accurate prediction the behavior of the device.

  • thank you Xavier for your hint on linearization and tunability of the OPA861

    yes the E-input/output of the OPA861 is quite different to the Minus-Input of the CA3x80, first is low impedance / high current as the Minus-Input of a current feedback amplifier, while the later is high impedance / no current as the Minus-Input of an OPA, so the CA3x80 and OPA861 can be quite similarly used as OTA in a VCCS or CC2+ way, while the operation of OPA861 in Transconductor / Macro-Transistor / Diamond-Transistor - way has no equivalent on the CA3x80s

  • Ok, so if I need a high impedance Minus-Input in my OTA-Circuit I can use the OPA 860 and connect the Buffer in front of the E-Input/Output and some resistor for linearization in between of them

  • The solution you propose would work, but from a matching pespective, you should use 2x OPA861 with a linearisation resistor in between.  The buffer of the OPA860 is a closed loop buffer that is much faster than the diamond buffer of the OTA.  Specs like CMRR are improved with 2x OPA861 versus 1x OPA860..