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Yes, this is the intended operation of this device. You can also see some additional explanation in section 9.2.1 Design Requirements in the device data sheet which describe the supply requirement that you've met.
A 5 m cable definitely needs strong buffers. Please note that the B side of the TCA980x must not be connected to such a switch. And depending on the cable's characteristics, the total capacitance might exceed the I²C limit of 400 pF.
