Reading flash location

The EEPROM uses a serialized access method.  You must specify a block and offset of the word you want to read.  There is no memory aperture where you can read all the data.  So I think the answer to your question is no, there is no way to read that with the debugger without typing in the block and offset of each word you want to examine.

If you are concerned whether the data you are writing is being stored correctly, you could add some debug code that reads it back after it is written and set a flag or enter a loop or something if there is a mismatch.  If you want to be able to see the entire array in the debugger, you could create a "shadow" memory array in SRAM that matches what you are writing to EEPROM.  Whenever you write to EEPROM you also write to the appropriate location in the shadow array.  Of course this would also be debug code that you remove in production.  The only other solution I can think of is to just use a block of flash memory instead of the EEPROM and then you would be able to view that in the debugger.