Linux: Can I flash this MCU via serial1?

Hi,
Thank you. If I want to flash using the USB (PD4 and PD5 pins), should I use the ROM bootloader for the USB on the same document that you have provided?

e2e.ti.com/.../710520

Is this a good way to flash my bootloader and converting my sketch to the binary files?

Yes. Just remember that the flash bootloaders are called automatically only if the flash is empty (erased). Once you program the device with code, it will no longer automatically call the bootloader. You can have your application call the ROM_bootloader to do updates under certain conditions (for example, a certain pin pulled high, or receiving a special command on UART1). You might want to add debug code that calls the bootloader on your launchpad so that you can debug that code and reprogram it using the Stellaris ICDI if the call to the bootloader does not work.

Yes, using LM Flash programmer is a good way to load your binary file through the USB DFU (device firmware upgrade) bootloader.

I will use UART0 (using UART to USB) to flash my MCU using LM Flash but just one question:
1. I have already programmed my MCU via USB, how can I erase it without connecting any USB to my MCU? As in a production phase, my MCU USB will be always connected to the hardware and I need some way to reflash it.

Once a device has been programmed, you need to use JTAG or have the existing application code call a bootloader. It can be one of the ROM based bootloaders or a flash based bootloader.

To be clear I do not have the LaunchPad, I have the actual MCU, so there are no JTAG pins. I have .bin file and should I connect the PB0 and PB1 pins (UART0) to my host PC and flash?

Also, how can I power up the MCU?

Do you mean that you have a device that is not mounted to a circuit board and you want to program it? Most people add a JTAG connector to their circuit boards and program the after they are soldered on. Production programmers made by BPM Microsystems, Data IO and others can program loose parts.