Errors encountered during linking

Prathamesh dhanpalwar

Hello,

I am new to microcontrollers programming. I am using C2000 Microcontrollers Development tools with 320 F28069. I could build the example files available in the CCSv5 version. But when I attempted to build my project, I had few errors. They are:

Description	Resource	Path	Location	Type


#10010 errors encountered during linking;	ArtificialLimbController_master		 	C/C++ Problem

unresolved symbols remain		 	C/C++ Problem
unresolved symbol _RamfuncsLoadEnd, first referenced in 	...	 	C/C++ Problem
unresolved symbol _RamfuncsLoadStart, first referenced in 	...	 	C/C++ Problem
unresolved symbol _RamfuncsRunStart, first referenced in  	...               C/C++ Problem.

How can I fix these issues?.

Thank you.

over 13 years ago

0 andreas von kaenel over 13 years ago

Genius 4925 points

Hi,

Are you using FLASH? If yes you need to define these symbols in your linker command file as follows:

   ramfuncs                  : LOAD = FLASHAB,
                               RUN = PRAMM1,
                               LOAD_START(_RamfuncsLoadStart),
                               LOAD_END(_RamfuncsLoadEnd),
                               RUN_START(_RamfuncsRunStart),
                               PAGE = 0

where LOAD is the place where you programmed the .text section, and Run is the RAM Section where you want to load the code for runtime. MemCopy function will then copy the code from FLASH to RAM as defined with these symbols.

Hope this helps

Andreas

0 Prathamesh dhanpalwar over 13 years ago in reply to andreas von kaenel

Intellectual 450 points

Hello,

sorry, but I have not completely understood your answer. How can I get the RAM section that I use to load the code for runtime?

It looks like this

MEMORY
{
PAGE 0 :
           /* Memory (RAM/FLASH/OTP) blocks can be moved to PAGE1 for data allocation */
   RAML0       : origin = 0x008000, length = 0x000800     /* on-chip RAM block L0 */
   RAML1       : origin = 0x008800, length = 0x000400     /* on-chip RAM block L1 */
   RAML3       : origin = 0x009000, length = 0x001000	  /* on-chip RAM block L3 */
   OTP         : origin = 0x3D7800, length = 0x000400     /* on-chip OTP */

   FLASHH      : origin = 0x3D8000, length = 0x004000     /* on-chip FLASH */
   FLASHG      : origin = 0x3DC000, length = 0x004000     /* on-chip FLASH */
   FLASHF      : origin = 0x3E0000, length = 0x004000     /* on-chip FLASH */
   FLASHE      : origin = 0x3E4000, length = 0x004000     /* on-chip FLASH */   
   FLASHD      : origin = 0x3E8000, length = 0x004000     /* on-chip FLASH */
   FLASHA      : origin = 0x3F4000, length = 0x003F80     /* on-chip FLASH */
   CSM_RSVD    : origin = 0x3F7F80, length = 0x000076     /* Part of FLASHA.  Program with all 0x0000 when CSM is in use. */
   BEGIN       : origin = 0x3F7FF6, length = 0x000002     /* Part of FLASHA.  Used for "boot to Flash" bootloader mode. */
   CSM_PWL_P0  : origin = 0x3F7FF8, length = 0x000008     /* Part of FLASHA.  CSM password locations in FLASHA */

   FPUTABLES   : origin = 0x3FD860, length = 0x0006A0	  /* FPU Tables in Boot ROM */
   IQTABLES    : origin = 0x3FDF00, length = 0x000B50     /* IQ Math Tables in Boot ROM */
   IQTABLES2   : origin = 0x3FEA50, length = 0x00008C     /* IQ Math Tables in Boot ROM */
   IQTABLES3   : origin = 0x3FEADC, length = 0x0000AA	  /* IQ Math Tables in Boot ROM */

   ROM         : origin = 0x3FF3B0, length = 0x000C10     /* Boot ROM */
   RESET       : origin = 0x3FFFC0, length = 0x000002     /* part of boot ROM  */
   VECTORS     : origin = 0x3FFFC2, length = 0x00003E     /* part of boot ROM  */

PAGE 1 :   /* Data Memory */
           /* Memory (RAM/FLASH/OTP) blocks can be moved to PAGE0 for program allocation */
           /* Registers remain on PAGE1                                                  */

   BOOT_RSVD   : origin = 0x000000, length = 0x000050     /* Part of M0, BOOT rom will use this for stack */
   RAMM0       : origin = 0x000050, length = 0x0003B0     /* on-chip RAM block M0 */
   RAMM1       : origin = 0x000400, length = 0x000400     /* on-chip RAM block M1 */
   RAML2       : origin = 0x008C00, length = 0x000400     /* on-chip RAM block L2 */
   RAML4       : origin = 0x00A000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip RAM block L4 merged together with  L5, L6 and L7*/
   RAML8       : origin = 0x012000, length = 0x002000     /* on-chip RAM block L8 */   
   FLASHB      : origin = 0x3F0000, length = 0x004000     /* on-chip FLASH */
   FLASHC      : origin = 0x3EC000, length = 0x004000     /* on-chip FLASH */   
   CLA1_MSGRAMLOW       : origin = 0x001480, length = 0x000080
   CLA1_MSGRAMHIGH      : origin = 0x001500, length = 0x000080
}

SECTIONS
{
   /* Allocate program areas: */
   .cinit              : > FLASHA      PAGE = 0
   .pinit              : > FLASHA,     PAGE = 0
   .text               : > FLASHA      PAGE = 0
   codestart           : > BEGIN       PAGE = 0
   
   Cla1Prog            : LOAD = FLASHD,
                         RUN = RAML3,
                         LOAD_START(_Cla1funcsLoadStart),
                         LOAD_END(_Cla1funcsLoadEnd),
                         RUN_START(_Cla1funcsRunStart),
                         PAGE = 0

   Cla1ToCpuMsgRAM     : > CLA1_MSGRAMLOW,   PAGE = 1
   CpuToCla1MsgRAM     : > CLA1_MSGRAMHIGH,  PAGE = 1
   
   ramfuncs            : LOAD = FLASHD,
                         RUN = RAML0,
                         LOAD_START(_RamfuncsLoadStart),
                         LOAD_END(_RamfuncsLoadEnd),
                         RUN_START(_RamfuncsRunStart),
                         PAGE = 0

0 andreas von kaenel over 13 years ago in reply to Prathamesh dhanpalwar

Genius 4925 points

Hi,

I forgot - somewhere in your code you need to define

extern Uint16 RamfuncsLoadStart;
extern Uint16 RamfuncsLoadEnd;
extern Uint16 RamfuncsRunStart;

to tell the linker, that these symbols are defined somwhere outside your project.

Prathamesh dhanpalwar said:
sorry, but I have not completely understood your answer. How can I get the RAM section that I use to load the code for runtime?

In your specific case, the code is loaded from FLASHD to RAML0

Prathamesh dhanpalwar said:
ramfuncs : LOAD = FLASHD,
RUN = RAML0,
LOAD_START(_RamfuncsLoadStart),
LOAD_END(_RamfuncsLoadEnd),
RUN_START(_RamfuncsRunStart),
PAGE = 0

BR Andreas

0 Prathamesh dhanpalwar over 13 years ago in reply to andreas von kaenel

Intellectual 450 points

Hi Andreas,

Ok. Thank you very much for your help.

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Errors encountered during linking