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LLC Power Converter design: LLC resonant frequency Fr measured values is different than the calculated values of Fr when we measure the results by through comparing Freq vs Vout

Hi 

I am using a document SLUP263 which is produced by Texas Instruments for designing a LLC based Power Converter. 

  

With this documents, I have designed my FULL BRIDGE Resonant Power Converter. There is an example written in this document. Following the same path, I have calculated the Resonant capacitor Cr, Resonant Inductor Lr and Magnetizing Inductance Lm values as given below.

 

By using this formula,

The Converter is designed for Load RL= 5.6 ohm, Vin = 60V, Vout = 30, Transformer turns ratio = 2, full  bridge inverter, full bridge rectifier using diodes, Switching Freq F= 120Khz . I started my calculation based on above formulas prescribed in the documents.

Turns ratio: n = Vin (full bridge inverter) / Vout = 60 / 30 = 2;

Mg_min = [2 * { 30 * (1-1%) + 0.3}]  /  [{75}-Full bridge]       =  0.8

Mg_max = [2 * { 30 * (1+1%) + 0.3 + 0.5}]  /  [{45}-Full bridge]      =   1.4

Qe= 0.45 and Ln = 3.5 are extracted by through Matlab Qe, Ln vs switching freq F graphs.

Re = { 8n/  pi2 } * RL(5.6ohm)   =  18.1ohm 

therefore,

Cr = 1  /  {2 * pi * Qe * F * Re}     =    162nF

Lr = 1  /  {2 * pi * F }2 *  Cr}     =    10.8uH

Lm = Ln * Lr = 3.5  * 10.8v    =  38uH

Fr = 1  /  {2 * pi * √ Lr * √Cr } *  Cr}   =  120 Khz .. Resonant Freq Fr

The above values are calculated values. 

The Problem is when I bought the nearest values for the hardware like Cr =150n, Lr= 10uH & Lm = 39uH, the test or the below measurment results between Frequency F vs Vout shows that the resonant freq F is somewhere in between 25-55KHz which is not matched with resonant frequency Fr calculated in the above calculations.   Please suggest how can i move the resonant frequency to 120Khz, Also which values of Lr, Cr & Lm are required if the above-calculated values are incorrect. I have tested my LLC hardware with different  loads like RL = 10, 5.6 ohm, 50 ohms, 125 ohms. but in all cases the resonant freq F  in calculation is not matched when comparing with measurment results to find the resonant Frequency F.

Frequency F              Vin                RL = (5.6)->6ohm                Vout                     ILoad                     Pin                     Pout                       Efficiency * 100 

55 60 6 3.5 4.176 33.2 14.616 0.440241
60 60 6 3 3.2784 22.17 9.8352 0.443627
65 60 6 2.7 2.7142 16.5 7.32834 0.444142
70 60 6 2.5 2.3342 13.11 5.8355 0.445118
75 60 6 2.3 2.0561 10.95 4.72903 0.431875
80 60 6 2.2 1.8402 9.2 4.04844 0.440048
85 60 6 2.1 1.6708 8.15 3.50868 0.430513
90 60 6 2 1.5326 7.29 3.0652 0.420466
95 60 6 1.9 1.417 6.6 2.6923 0.407924
100 60 6 1.8 1.3203 6.06 2.37654 0.392168
105 60 6 1.8 1.2357 5.61 2.22426 0.396481
110 60 6 1.7 1.1634 5.25 1.97778 0.37672
115 60 6 1.7 1.0984 4.92 1.86728 0.379528
120 60 6 1.7 1.0421 4.6 1.77157 0.385124
125 60 6 1.6 0.9912 4.41 1.58592 0.359619
130 60 6 1.6 0.9452 4.14 1.51232 0.365295
135 60 6 1.6 0.9025 4.05 1.444 0.356543
140 60 6 1.5 0.8643 3.9 1.29645 0.332423
145 60 6 1.5 0.8305 3.78 1.24575 0.329563
150 60 6 1.5 0.7995 3.66 1.19925 0.327664
155 60 6 1.5 0.7685 3.4 1.15275 0.339044
160 60 6 1.4 0.7355 3.39 1.0297 0.303746
165 60 6 1.4 0.7167 3.36 1.00338 0.298625
5 60 6 1.4 1.1846 5.5 1.65844 0.301535
10 60 6 2.4 2.0274 10.5 4.86576 0.463406
12 60 6 3.4 3.92 29 13.328 0.459586
15 60 6 3.1 3.2167 21.8 9.97177 0.457421
20 60 6 2.5 2.2607 12.26 5.65175 0.460991
25 60 6 3 3.1903 20.44 9.5709 0.468244
30 60 6 Burned*

Note * Burned = Lr is burned due to high current because of higher Mg.

 Frequency              Vin                RL = 50ohm                Vout                     ILoad                     Pin                     Pout                       Efficiency * 100 

55 60 50 29.3 0.599 19.3 17.5507 0.909363
60 60 50 28.4 0.5989 18.78 17.00876 0.905685
65 60 50 27.4 0.5987 18.18 16.40438 0.902331
70 60 50 26.5 0.5987 17.7 15.86555 0.896359
75 60 50 25.7 0.5988 17.28 15.38916 0.890576
80 60 50 24.9 0.5987 16.89 14.90763 0.882631
85 60 50 24.2 0.599 16.38 14.4958 0.884969
90 60 50 23.5 0.5989 16.02 14.07415 0.878536
95 60 50 22.9 0.5989 15.69 13.71481 0.874112
100 60 50 22.3 0.5989 15.4 13.35547 0.867238
105 60 50 21.5 0.5993 14.8 12.88495 0.870605
110 60 50 20.8 0.5984 14.55 12.44672 0.855445
115 60 50 20.2 0.5975 14.2 12.0695 0.849965
120 60 50 19.5 0.5987 13.83 11.67465 0.844154
125 60 50 18.9 0.5988 13.47 11.31732 0.840187
130 60 50 18.2 0.5987 13.1 10.89634 0.831782
135 60 50 17.4 0.5987 12.72 10.41738 0.818976
140 60 50 16.6 0.5988 12.16 9.94008 0.817441
145 60 50 15.8 0.5986 11.82 9.45788 0.800159
150 60 50 15 0.5988 11.28 8.982 0.796277
155 60 50 14.1 0.5989 10.8 8.44449 0.781897
160 60 50 13.2 0.5989 10.26 7.90548 0.770515
165 60 50 12.2 0.5988 9.72 7.30536 0.75158
5 60 50 8.8 0.5988 7.08 5.26944 0.744271
10 60 50 18.1 0.5989 12.66 10.84009 0.856247
12 60 50 23.7 0.5989 16.2 14.19393 0.876169
13 60 50 29.7 0.5989 20.22 17.78733 0.87969

Please suggest this issue.

Kind Regards

Arsalan

  • Hi Arsalan,

    I didn't find any issues with your calculations. Could you do LLC transient simulation in the open loop and check the Vout vs Frequency? That way you can verify the design.

    Regards

    Manikanta P

  • Hi Manikanta,

    Thanks for your reply.

    I hope I have explained the problem below very clearly in the thread:

    The Problem is when I bought the nearest values for the hardware like Cr =150n, Lr= 10uH & Lm = 39uH, the test or the below measurment results between Frequency F vs Vout shows that the resonant freq F is somewhere in between 25-55KHz which is not matched with resonant frequency Fr calculated in the above calculations.   Please suggest how can i move the resonant frequency to 120Khz, Also which values of Lr, Cr & Lm are required if the above-calculated values are incorrect. I have tested my LLC hardware with different  loads like RL = 10, 5.6 ohm, 50 ohms, 125 ohms. but in all cases the resonant freq F  in calculation is not matched when comparing with measurment results to find the resonant Frequency F.

    Could you do LLC transient simulation in the open loop and check the Vout vs Frequency?

    Did you mean that i should simulate the transient operation in the below circuit (A) by keeping RL = open for open loop ? Can i also perform the AC simulation like in circuit (B) because this can give a graph Vout vs Freq in frequency steps for open loop?? 

    Circuit (A)

    Circuit (B)

    Please suggest accordingly

    Thanks

    Kind Regards

    Arsalan

  • Hi Arsalan,

    Please do the simulation of the switching circuit (Not the AC circuit) in the open loop.  You can use the existing simplis model  or you can use any  spice  software where you can drive the primary mosfets of the LLC with fixed  frequency and see the output voltage to input voltage gain. And see that matches with your Vout vs frequency curve.

    Regards

    Manikanta P

  • Hi Hi Manikanta,

    Thanks for your suggestions. It worked with my spice model.

    Kind Regards

    Arsalan