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BQ4050: Coulomb Counting of Low Discharge Current

Part Number: BQ4050

We have been utilizing a Rsense value of 1mOhm in our product for an extended period. However, upon further investigation, we found that the power-off discharge current, registering at 800 uA, was not being detected with this Rsense setting.

As a solution, we transitioned to a 20mOhm Rsense, which effectively addressed the issue, enabling coulomb counting with an acceptable error margin. Despite this improvement, the BQ Studio does not display the instantaneous current due to it being below the of "1 mA".

Subsequently, we attempted to optimize further, reducing the power-off discharge current to a range of 400-550 uA. This was achieved by increasing one of the system's pull-up resistances and activating the gauge's sleep mode. Despite these adjustments, upon prolonged product inactivity, we observed no reduction in capacity.

To ensure that we did not regress into a dead band scenario, we conducted tests by adjusting the CC Gain and Capacity Gain by a factor of 8, confirming an instantaneous current of approximately 4 mA, thus verifying the ADC's sensitivity to low currents. We also experimented with a higher resistance (Rsns=30mOhm), albeit without success.

We have exhaustively attempted various configurations to resolve this issue:

- Modification of Deadband to "0"
- Adjustment of CC offset within the range of 0-200
- Alteration of Coulomb Counter offset samples from 64 to 150
- Exploration of CC Auto Offset functionality (Disabled and Enabled)

Each of the above configurations was tested individually, with the product left inactive for a day to monitor any capacity reduction. However, no deduction in capacity was observed.

We are seeking guidance on potential adjustments or solutions to enable the coulomb counter to accurately read such low discharge currents. Any insights or suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

  • Hi Ahmed,

    Is the gauge potentially falling into sleep when these low current discharges are being tested? If so, this could potentially cause an issue with the capacity measurements and calculation.

    Is it possible to share a log file of one of these low current discharges so we can take a deeper look?

    Regards,

    Anthony Baldino

  • Hi Anthony,

    Yes, the gauge does fall into sleep mode at these low discharge currents. This is actually the quiescent current of our application, where the user can keep the product off-the-shelf for extended periods. It is crucial for the gauge to count this current because we've experienced issues where customers open the product, and the gauge indicates a 100% SoC. When the product is first used, the battery's SoC rapidly drops to low or 0%, causing an abrupt shutdown. Monitoring this current is therefore essential.

    Why do you believe that falling into sleep mode prevents the gauge from monitoring? Is there a limitation mentioned in the TRM or datasheet that I might have missed? Given that our Rsns is 20mOhm, we should be well above the dead band, and we need this approximately 100uA current reduction from sleep mode.

    I have logged around 6 hours of this low current using Bus timeout = 0 to keep the gauge in sleep mode while logging in Battery Management Studio. However, in real applications, we set this timeout to 5 seconds.

    Regards, 

    Ahmed Gebril

    Board_in_Sleep.log

  • Hi Ahmed,

    Since the gauge will take voltage and current measurements at a 4s sampling rate in sleep rather than the 1s rate typical in normal mode, if there are changes in the current between the samplings they might not be properly tracked. I would recommend testing the situation while the gauge is not in sleep to see if the performance adjusts.

    Just to confirm, is the DSG FET active during this sleep period while there is still current passing?

    Regards,

    Anthony Baldino

  • Hi Anthony,

    Gauge will wake on 5s/20s interval to sample current/voltage as per default configuration . Why is it discarding counting based on that provided that current is almost DC and slightly increase at sampling events?

    We have already tested the setup when disabling sleep( it count inaccurately but it counts! ) but current is increased by 150uA-250uA with this situation. So Could we change any configuration along with sleep so that we get use of this significant current reduction? 

    And yes the DSG FET is active during sleep period.

  • Hi Ahmed,

    When the gauge wakes up to conduct measurements, it will coulomb count for 1s, and then not during the rest of the time but try to compensate. More details can be found in the E2E thread below:

    https://e2e.ti.com/support/power-management-group/power-management/f/power-management-forum/796964/bq4050-normal-sleep-mode 

    Would it be possible to reduce the time between measurements? This would conduct measurements more often, but not at the rate of normal mode. I believe this would also still have a reduced current compared to the normal mode.

    Regards,

    Anthony Baldino