TI-CGT: TI CGT ARMLLVM linker issue

Hi George,

Just curiously, same source codes, it can be built and linked properly with Ubuntu clang version 12.0.0-3ubuntu1~20.04.5. Here below is the output:

$ clang -std=c99 -O0 -g3 -pipe -fno-short-enums -m32 -fno-builtin -L _build/PCx32_CLANG/HSM/lib/ -L "/usr/lib/llvm-12/lib" -o _build/PCx32_CLANG/PCx32_CLANG -L _build/PCx32_CLANG/HSM/bin -L _build/PCx32_CLANG/HOST/bin -l:libHSM.lib -l:libHOST_tests.lib -l:libHOST.lib -l:libHSM.lib -l:libHOST_tests.lib -l:libHOST.lib -v
Ubuntu clang version 12.0.0-3ubuntu1~20.04.5
Target: i386-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9
Selected GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9
Candidate multilib: .;@m64
Candidate multilib: 32;@m32
Candidate multilib: x32;@mx32
Selected multilib: 32;@m32
"/usr/bin/ld" -z relro --hash-style=gnu --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_i386 -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.2 -o _build/PCx32_CLANG/PCx32_CLANG /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../lib32/crt1.o /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../lib32/crti.o /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/32/crtbegin.o -L_build/PCx32_CLANG/HSM/lib/ -L/usr/lib/llvm-12/lib -L_build/PCx32_CLANG/HSM/bin -L_build/PCx32_CLANG/HOST/bin -L/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/32 -L/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../i386-linux-gnu -L/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../lib32 -L/lib/i386-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib32 -L/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib32 -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/../../lib32 -L/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9 -L/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../.. -L/usr/lib/llvm-12/bin/../lib -L/lib -L/usr/lib -l:libHSM.lib -l:libHOST_tests.lib -l:libHOST.lib -l:libHSM.lib -l:libHOST_tests.lib -l:libHOST.lib -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/32/crtend.o /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../lib32/crtn.o

I'll check the document you pointed out to see if I can find something out.

Thanks,

Matthew

The difference is that, behind the scenes, clang supplies these object files ...

Matthew Mao said:

/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../lib32/crt1.o /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../lib32/crti.o /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/32/crtbegin.o

In your case, this must start the chain of symbol references that results in files being brought out of libraries.  

tiarmclang does not do that.

Thanks and regards,

-George

Hi George,

So is there a way to start the chain of symbol references, such as adding an additional file to the link command? In TI SDK such as mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25, I see a file called linker.cmd, not sure if this file can be used.

Thanks,

Matthew

Typically, source files in the project are compiled to object files, and those object files start the chain of symbol references.  

Matthew Mao said:

I see a file called linker.cmd

That's an important file.  Though it is not immediately related to this problem.  To learn more about it, please see the article Linker Command File Primer.  

Even more generally ... Before going much further, I recommend you build and run one of the examples in the SDK.  That's likely to give you useful background knowledge about how TI projects are typically organized.

Thanks and regards,

-George

Hi George,

I tried a SDK example to link without linker.cmd, it dumped out the following info:

$ /home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/bin/tiarmclang -Wl,--diag_suppress=10063 -Wl,--ram_model -Wl,--reread_libs -Wl,-i/home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/kernel/freertos/lib -Wl,-i/home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/drivers/lib -Wl,-i/home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/board/lib -Wl,-i/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib -Wl,-m=hello_world.release.map -o hello_world.release.out obj/release/hello_world.obj obj/release/main.obj obj/release/ti_drivers_config.obj obj/release/ti_drivers_open_close.obj obj/release/ti_board_config.obj obj/release/ti_board_open_close.obj obj/release/ti_dpl_config.obj obj/release/ti_pinmux_
config.obj obj/release/ti_power_clock_config.obj -lfreertos.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib -ldrivers.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib -lboard.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib -llibc.a -v
TI Arm Clang Compiler 1.3.0.LTS
Target: arm-ti-none-eabi
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/bin
"/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/bin/tiarmlnk" -I/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib -o hello_world.release.out --diag_suppress=10063 --ram_model --reread_libs -i/home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/kernel/freertos/lib -i/home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/drivers/lib -i/home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/board/lib -i/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib -m=hello_world.release.map obj/release/hello_world.obj obj/release/main.obj obj/release/ti_drivers_config.obj obj/release/ti_drivers_open_close.obj obj/release/ti_board_config.obj obj/release/ti_board_open_close.obj obj/release/ti_dpl_config.obj obj/release/ti_pinmux_config.obj obj/release/ti_power_clock_config.obj -lfreertos.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib -ldrivers.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib -lboard.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib -llibc.a --start-group -llibc++.a -llibc++abi.a -llibc.a -llibsys.a -llibsysbm.a -llibclang_rt.builtins.a -llibclang_rt.profile.a --end-group

undefined first referenced
symbol in file
--------- ----------------
__ABORT_STACK_END /home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/kernel/freertos/lib/freertos.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib<boot_armv7r_asm.obj>
__BSS_END /home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/kernel/freertos/lib/freertos.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib<boot_armv7r.obj>
__BSS_START /home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/kernel/freertos/lib/freertos.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib<boot_armv7r.obj>
__FIQ_STACK_END /home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/kernel/freertos/lib/freertos.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib<boot_armv7r_asm.obj>
__IRQ_STACK_END /home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/kernel/freertos/lib/freertos.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib<boot_armv7r_asm.obj>
__SVC_STACK_END /home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/kernel/freertos/lib/freertos.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib<boot_armv7r_asm.obj>
__UNDEFINED_STACK_END /home/mmao/Works/ti/mmwave_mcuplus_sdk_04_02_00_03/mcu_plus_sdk_awr294x_08_02_00_25/source/kernel/freertos/lib/freertos.awr294x.r5f.ti-arm-clang.release.lib<boot_armv7r_asm.obj>

error: unresolved symbols remain
error: errors encountered during linking; "hello_world.release.out" not built
tiarmclang: error: tiarmlnk command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

In this case, it tells me what are missing for linking due to no linker.cmd. Which file contains the starting point for linking in this case?

In my original case, it seems it can not start linking because of no starting point of the chain references based on one of your previous responses. Should the main() function be the start point for linking? If yes, the libHOST_tests.lib does contain a main() function.

I'll check the document you pointed out for linking command.

Thanks,

Matthew

Matthew Mao said:

Which file contains the starting point for linking in this case?

The linker option ...

Matthew Mao said:

-Wl,--ram_model

... tells the linker to observe several conventions required for linking C/C++ code.  Among these conventions is that the entry point of the program is the symbol _c_int00.  This symbol is defined in this RTS library supplied with the compiler ...

Matthew Mao said:

-llibc.a

That function calls the function main, which is probably defined in ...

Matthew Mao said:

obj/release/main.obj

... and on it goes.  

Please understand that these errors ...

Matthew Mao said:

undefined first referenced
symbol in file
--------- ----------------
__ABORT_STACK_END

... are quite different from the ones that appear in your first post.  This says code in the system refers to the symbol __ABORT_STACK_END, but no definition is found.  In this case, the definition of that symbol must be supplied in the missing linker.cmd.

All of this is how things are typically organized in a TI project.

Thanks and regards,

-George

Hi George,

Adding linker option -Wl,--ram_model and compiler library -llibc.a to my first linking command seems not triggering the linking operation and gets same output as below:

$ /home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/bin/tiarmclang -std=c11 -mcpu=cortex-r5 -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=vfpv3-d16 -m32 -O0 -g3 -pipe -fno-short-enums -fno-builtin -Wno-gnu-variable-sized-type-not-at-end -Wno-unused-function -Wl,--diag_suppress=10063 -Wl,--ram_model -Wl,--reread_libs -L _build/TI_ARMLLVM/HSM/lib/ -L /home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib -o _build/TI_ARMLLVM/TI_ARMLLVM -L _build/TI_ARMLLVM/HSM/bin -L _build/TI_ARMLLVM/HOST/bin -llibHSM.lib -llibHOST_tests.lib -llibHOST.lib -llibc.a -v
TI Arm Clang Compiler 1.3.0.LTS
Target: arm-ti-none-eabi
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/bin
"/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/bin/tiarmlnk" --search_path _build/TI_ARMLLVM/HSM/lib/ --search_path /home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib --search_path _build/TI_ARMLLVM/HSM/bin --search_path _build/TI_ARMLLVM/HOST/bin -I/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib -o _build/TI_ARMLLVM/TI_ARMLLVM --diag_suppress=10063 --ram_model --reread_libs -llibHSM.lib -llibHOST_tests.lib -llibHOST.lib -llibc.a --start-group -llibc++.a -llibc++abi.a -llibc.a -llibsys.a -llibsysbm.a -llibclang_rt.builtins.a -llibclang_rt.profile.a --end-group --cg_opt_level=0
warning: cannot resolve archive
/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib/libc.a
to a compatible library, as no input files have been encountered
warning: cannot resolve archive
/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib/libc++
.a to a compatible library, as no input files have been encountered
warning: cannot resolve archive
/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib/libc++
abi.a to a compatible library, as no input files have been encountered
warning: cannot resolve archive
/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib/libsys
.a to a compatible library, as no input files have been encountered
warning: cannot resolve archive
/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib/libsys
bm.a to a compatible library, as no input files have been encountered
warning: cannot resolve archive
/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib/libcla
ng_rt.builtins.a to a compatible library, as no input files have been
encountered
warning: cannot resolve archive
/home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/lib/libcla
ng_rt.profile.a to a compatible library, as no input files have been
encountered
fatal error: no input files
tiarmclang: error: tiarmlnk command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

But it works in AWR294x SDK example build. Here below is the main entry in libHOST_tests.lib:

$ /home/mmao/ti/ccs1110/ccs/tools/compiler/ti-cgt-armllvm_1.3.0.LTS/bin/tiarmnm --debug-syms _build/TI_ARMLLVM/HOST/bin/libHOST_tests.lib | grep main
test_support_main.o:
00000000 t .text.main
00000000 T main
00000000 a test_support_main.c

Do I still miss something?

Thanks,

Matthew