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Executables with Shared Libraries Fail to Execute

imagineer
Prodigy 50 points

While trying to create a graphical Qt application for the Sitara AM335x development board using the TI supplied toolchain, the output binary, which has dynamic dependencies fails to execute.

root@am335x-evm:~# bin/Sitara_Template -qws
-sh: bin/Sitara_Template: not found

While troubleshooting, I have compiled a very simple (hello world!) program, the command I used is the following:

user@debian:~/Test$ source /opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/environment-setup
[linux-devkit]:~/Test> arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -v -o test test.c

The collect (linker) was executed with the following options:

COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'test' '-march=armv7-a' '-mtune=cortex-a9' '-mfloat-abi=hard' '-mfpu=vfpv3-d16' '-mthumb' '-mtls-dialect=gnu'
 /opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.3/collect2 --sysroot=/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 -X -m armelf_linux_eabi -o test /opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.3/crt1.o /opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.3/crti.o /opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.3/crtbegin.o -L/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.3 -L/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../lib/gcc -L/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf -L/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib -L/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.3 -L/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/lib -L/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf -L/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.3 -L/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/lib -L/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf /tmp/cc63DaPH.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.3/crtend.o /opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/linux-devkit/sysroots/i686-arago-linux/usr/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.3/crtn.o

This generates the executable binary file "test", which I then copy over to the development board.

On the development board, through SSH I execute:

root@am335x-evm:~# readelf -d bin/test

Dynamic section at offset 0x454 contains 24 entries:
  Tag        Type                         Name/Value
 0x00000001 (NEEDED)                     Shared library: [libc.so.6]
 0x0000000c (INIT)                       0x82a1
 0x0000000d (FINI)                       0x8429
 0x00000019 (INIT_ARRAY)                 0x10448
 0x0000001b (INIT_ARRAYSZ)               4 (bytes)
 0x0000001a (FINI_ARRAY)                 0x1044c
 0x0000001c (FINI_ARRAYSZ)               4 (bytes)
 0x00000004 (HASH)                       0x8194
 0x00000005 (STRTAB)                     0x820c
 0x00000006 (SYMTAB)                     0x81bc
 0x0000000a (STRSZ)                      65 (bytes)
 0x0000000b (SYMENT)                     16 (bytes)
 0x00000015 (DEBUG)                      0x0
 0x00000003 (PLTGOT)                     0x1053c
 0x00000002 (PLTRELSZ)                   32 (bytes)
 0x00000014 (PLTREL)                     REL
 0x00000017 (JMPREL)                     0x8280
 0x00000011 (REL)                        0x8278
 0x00000012 (RELSZ)                      8 (bytes)
 0x00000013 (RELENT)                     8 (bytes)
 0x6ffffffe (VERNEED)                    0x8258
 0x6fffffff (VERNEEDNUM)                 1
 0x6ffffff0 (VERSYM)                     0x824e
 0x00000000 (NULL)                       0x0

As comparison, this is the output for an executable that comes with the sistem image:

root@am335x-evm:~# readelf -d /bin/tinylogin

Dynamic section at offset 0x8460 contains 25 entries:
  Tag        Type                         Name/Value
 0x00000001 (NEEDED)                     Shared library: [libcrypt.so.1]
 0x00000001 (NEEDED)                     Shared library: [libc.so.6]
 0x0000000c (INIT)                       0x9c6c
 0x0000000d (FINI)                       0xf13c
 0x00000019 (INIT_ARRAY)                 0x18454
 0x0000001b (INIT_ARRAYSZ)               4 (bytes)
 0x0000001a (FINI_ARRAY)                 0x18458
 0x0000001c (FINI_ARRAYSZ)               4 (bytes)
 0x6ffffef5 (GNU_HASH)                   0x8168
 0x00000005 (STRTAB)                     0x91f0
 0x00000006 (SYMTAB)                     0x88b0
 0x0000000a (STRSZ)                      1147 (bytes)
 0x0000000b (SYMENT)                     16 (bytes)
 0x00000015 (DEBUG)                      0x0
 0x00000003 (PLTGOT)                     0x18550
 0x00000002 (PLTRELSZ)                   1128 (bytes)
 0x00000014 (PLTREL)                     REL
 0x00000017 (JMPREL)                     0x9804
 0x00000011 (REL)                        0x97d4
 0x00000012 (RELSZ)                      48 (bytes)
 0x00000013 (RELENT)                     8 (bytes)
 0x6ffffffe (VERNEED)                    0x9794
 0x6fffffff (VERNEEDNUM)                 2
 0x6ffffff0 (VERSYM)                     0x966c
 0x00000000 (NULL)                       0x0

"tinylogin" executes correctly but "test" fails to execute:

root@am335x-evm:~# bin/test
-sh: bin/test: not found

Note: "test" executes correctly when compiled as a statically linked program:

[linux-devkit]:~/Test> arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -v -o test test.c --static

At this point I also tried compiling an example application with the supplied makefile from the SDK to see if it worked:

[linux-devkit]:~/Test> cd /opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/example-applications/am-sysinfo-git/mem_util/
[linux-devkit]:/opt/ti-sdk-am335x-evm-06.00.00.00/example-applications/am-sysinfo-git/mem_util> make -f makefile

But the output binary also fails to execute on the Development board:

root@am335x-evm:~# bin/mem_util
-sh: bin/mem_util: not found

I am unsure on how to fix this issue. Thank you in advance for your help.

  • 0
    TI__Mastermind 25235 points

    Hi,

    Can you please check for missing dependencies using "ldd" and post the output here?

    ldd /bin/test

    Best regards,
    Miroslav

  • 0 in reply to Miroslav Kiradzhiyski XID
    Prodigy 50 points

    [linux-devkit]:~/Test> ldd test
        not a dynamic executable

    root@am335x-evm:~# ldd bin/test
    -sh: ldd: not found
    root@am335x-evm:~# which ldd
    [no output]

    "ldd" does not seem to work correctly on the host as the binary is for a foreign architecture (I am guessing) and "ldd" is not available on the target.

    But "readelf" works on both systems and as we can see in my previous post, "test" only depends on "libc".

    "libc" is present on the target and programs which come with the system image ("tinylogin", as example) that depend on it execute correctly.

    By the way, the source of "test" is the following:

    #include <stdio.h>
    int main (void)
    {
        printf("Hello world\n");
        return 0;
    }

    I am using it as a very bare-bone test program to troubleshoot the issue.

  • 0 in reply to imagineer
    TI__Mastermind 25235 points

    Yes, I'm sorry, "ldd" indeed isn't available on the target rootfs. Can you please try this:

    arm-linux-gnueabihf-readelf -l <your_executable> | grep "program interpreter"

    Please check if the library name from the output exists on your system.

    Best regards,
    Miroslav

  • 0 in reply to imagineer
    Prodigy 50 points

    I have found the problem. I was using SDK version 6.00 but on the target I was using the image with which the board came, which was created with an earlier SDK. I created a new image with the create-sdcard.sh and now everything seems to work. the confucion was that although the shared libraries where on the target, the compiled programs were linked against "newer" versions of the library, not present on the target.