Quite a few people, myself included, have been experiencing sudden resets (not reboots, only a single byte of noise on the serial output, followed by the normal boot process) on Beaglebone Blacks. This is a new issue that wasn't present in older kernels like 3.8, but has suddenly appeared in 3.17 and 3.18.
Some people are able to stop the problem by disabling USB OTG, but I am not.
I've tried a different power supply, disabling all watchdog timers in u-boot and Linux and disconnecting all USB devices, a different Beaglebone Black, but none of that made any difference.
Something that does make a difference is stopping a custom application I permanently have running. The program polls pcscd every second to see if a smartcard has been inserted. Somehow these USB reads also seem to trigger the issue.
The fact that I have to disable both OTG probing and my application leads me to believe that there is some problem with the TI musb driver for 3.17 and 3.18. Has anyone experienced similar issues or any ideas on how to pinpoint the exact bug in the USB code?