This thread has been locked.
If you have a related question, please click the "Ask a related question" button in the top right corner. The newly created question will be automatically linked to this question.
Hi, guys.
I'm using the application note
http://www.ti.com/lit/an/snoa474a/snoa474a.pdf
to create the Howland Current Pump with OPA551
I'm using two current pumps.
Case 0) When each load is resistors.
When I use 1k Ohm as a load for each current pump, the expected output is shown from the oscilloscope.
Case 1) When wrist becomes a load - I have an IRB approval
I use four H124SG Covidien electrodes. The connections are
A: Left Wrist position 2 (red) - Oscilloscope Probe 1 - Current pump 1 (U2's positive input pin)
B: Left Wrist position 1 (black) - Probe 1 aligator clip - GND
C: Right Wrist position 2 (red) - Oscilloscope Probe 2 - Current pump 2 (U4's positive input pin)
D: Right Wrist position 1 (black) - Probe 2 aligator clip - GND
This is the output.
There should be nothing on channel 2 (show 0V). Surprisingly, a similar looking output is generated to channel 2, "a mirrored output".
One surprising observation;
If I remove the connection between the second current pump and my right wrist (position 2, C),
probe 2 shows that U4's positive input shows negative voltages like -10V.
Although the human wrist is not purely resistive, this is interesting to discover to observe a negative voltage when both wrists are connected to the electrode.
- May I ask why this negative voltage is observed?
- I mentioned "mirrored output". How can I solve this in order not to make a mirrored output?
I'm going to use the current pumps alternatingly (use the left pump for 1 second -> stop that and use the other one for 1 second ->...)
or simultaneously (the left pump gives 0.1mA at 100Hz / right pump gives 0.05mA at 200Hz).
However, this mirroring phenomenon cannot make me do that. I deeply appreciate your help, please.
Thanks for pointing it out. My power supply is limiting the current to 0.5mA now.
BTW, got any ideas why the fluctuation/mirroring happens?
Hi David,
yes, as I wrote, both measuring points are connected via the low ohmic body resistance of 1...2kOhm (blood, lymphatic fluid, liquid of cells, etc.). The blood, the lymphatic fluid and the liquid of cells present a short circuit between "Probe 1" and "Probe 2". They are sitting on nearly the same potential. As if you mount a wire from "Probe 1" to "Probe 2".
Kai
kai klaas69 said:as I wrote, both measuring points are connected via the low ohmic body resistance of 1...2kOhm
Oh, I see, Kai.
kai klaas69 said:a short circuit between "Probe 1" and "Probe 2"
1~2kOhm seems big for a short circuit for me. Have I understood your explanation correctly, meaning the body is like the above schematic?
Also, what could be a way to solve this?
I have to feed signals to channel 1 & 2 simultaneously (feed 100Hz signal to both) or alternatingly.
Could adding an NMOS or a pull-down resistor help?