Hello,
I made some measurements of one input of the PCA9554.
I measured at Pin 12 of the PCA9554 to GND.
I couldn't find any spikes, over - or undershot of the input signal at the Chip input point (PIN 12 of PCA9554).
Conntecting the external connector to the plug will generate some over - and undervoltage peak (+1V /-1V to the supply voltage) at the point of connection.
This voltage peak at the connector is filtered by the RC-LP-filter in front of the Chip input, so the PCA 9554 doesn't see any dangerous voltage.
BR Alois