MSP430F5529: EEPROM with LEDs

What platform are you using? You mentioned the Launchpad, but also a "robot", which would (presumably) be a different platform. The distinction would be whether you are working with an external EEPROM  or some internal EEPROM.

For an external EEPROM (separate chip on the board) you would use some serial protocol (SPI/I2C) to work with it. This is what the thread you referenced is doing. I suspect you can find some Arduino/Energia examples at Github.

The AVR (usually) has internal EEPROM, which has a controller inside the MCU, with its own set of registers (EEAR, e.g.). The closest equivalent for the MSP430 would be Information Flash [Ref User Guide (SLAU208Q) Sec 7.2], which consists of 4x128-byte Segments (A-D), each of which can be erased/written separately. (Reading requires no special treatment.)

A CCS example of this would be MSP430F55xx_flashwrite_01.c (writes/reads Information Segments C/D) here:

https://dev.ti.com/tirex/explore/node?node=A__ANRE6wdsJCmmwSxYet1HUg__msp430ware__IOGqZri__LATEST

I found Energia example flash_readwrite.ino at Github, (reads/writes using Information Segment D) here (I haven't tried it, but it seems to be part of the Energia package):

https://github.com/energia/Energia/blob/master/hardware/msp430/libraries/MspFlash/examples/flash_readwrite/flash_readwrite.ino

[Hint: Flash (like EEPROM) has a limited erase/write lifetime, so don't let these examples run forever.]