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Hey Jeno,
No, it is not equivalent to a buck circuit. It is more equivalent to several FETs in a 1/2 bridge configuration, like shown in this block diagram below (from DRV8962 as it has better diagrams). It can switch a given V_IN or VM voltage on or off. It cannot step that voltage down to a lower level.
Is this a new design? Please see this FAQ, DRV8412 is an old device and there are better alternatives: https://e2e.ti.com/support/motor-drivers-group/motor-drivers/f/motor-drivers-forum/1256603/faq-what-are-the-best-alternate-devices-for-drv8432
Best,
Jacob