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The principle of related equation between bit rate (Gbps) and bandwidth (GHz)

Hello

Receently, I am reviewing and confirming the contexts of FPD Link such as under the image.

While reviewing contexts of FPD Link, I have a question about that equation between bit rate (Gbps) and bandwidth (GHz).

What is the detailed principle of getting that equation such as GHz = 1/2 Gbps ? 

Why the bandwidth is half of the bit rate ? Is it related with NRZ ?

Thank u.